The Influence of Mucus Microstructure and Rheology in Helicobacter pylori Infection.
The Influence of Mucus Microstructure and Rheology in Helicobacter pylori Infection.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2013.00310
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发表时间：
2013-10-10
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Turner BS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bansil R;Celli JP;Hardcastle JM;Turner BS
幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori，H. pylori），已经进化为在胃的高酸性环境中存活并在胃粘膜的上皮表面上定殖。众所周知，其致病作用可引起胃炎、消化性溃疡和胃癌。为了感染胃并在粘液上皮表面上建立菌落，细菌必须在酸性条件下穿过胃的凝胶状胃粘液衬里。在这篇综述中，我们从生物物理学的角度讨论了细菌如何通过保护性粘液屏障的问题。我们开始通过回顾胃粘蛋白的分子结构，并讨论了目前的理解状态有关粘蛋白聚合和低pH诱导的凝胶化。然后，我们集中在粘蛋白的粘弹性，鉴于其相关的颗粒和细菌的运输通过粘液，关键的第一步在H。幽门感染第二部分主要介绍了H. pylori在粘蛋白溶液和凝胶中的作用，以及H.幽门又影响粘蛋白的粘弹性。我们提出了最近的微观结果跟踪运动的H。粘蛋白溶液和凝胶中的幽门螺杆菌。然后，我们讨论了如何在酸中生存所需的尿素水解的生化策略也相关的机制，使鞭毛驱动游泳的粘液凝胶层。H.幽门螺杆菌感染，如改变胃粘蛋白的表达，其生产率和组成，以及粘蛋白的影响因素控制H。pylori的毒力和增殖进行了简要讨论，并参考了相关文献。
The bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), has evolved to survive in the highly acidic environment of the stomach and colonize on the epithelial surface of the gastric mucosa. Its pathogenic effects are well known to cause gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. In order to infect the stomach and establish colonies on the mucus epithelial surface, the bacterium has to move across the gel-like gastric mucus lining of the stomach under acidic conditions. In this review we address the question of how the bacterium gets past the protective mucus barrier from a biophysical perspective. We begin by reviewing the molecular structure of gastric mucin and discuss the current state of understanding concerning mucin polymerization and low pH induced gelation. We then focus on the viscoelasticity of mucin in view of its relevance to the transport of particles and bacteria across mucus, the key first step in H. pylori infection. The second part of the review focuses on the motility of H. pylori in mucin solutions and gels, and how infection with H. pylori in turn impacts the viscoelastic properties of mucin. We present recent microscopic results tracking the motion of H. pylori in mucin solutions and gels. We then discuss how the biochemical strategy of urea hydrolysis required for survival in the acid is also relevant to the mechanism that enables flagella-driven swimming across the mucus gel layer. Other aspects of the influence of H. pylori infection such as, altering gastric mucin expression, its rate of production and its composition, and the influence of mucin on factors controlling H. pylori virulence and proliferation are briefly discussed with references to relevant literature.