Behavioral self-organization underlies the resilience of a coastal ecosystem
Behavioral self-organization underlies the resilience of a coastal ecosystem
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1619203114
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发表时间：
2017-07-25
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
van de Koppel, Johan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Paoli, Helene;van der Heide, Tjisse;van de Koppel, Johan
自组织的空间格局发生在许多陆地，水生和海洋生态系统。理论模型和观测研究表明，自组织，即生态相互作用形成的模式，对于增强生态系统的复原力至关重要。然而，缺乏对这种跨生态系统理论的实验测试。在这项研究中，我们实验测试的假设，自组织模式的形成提高了持久性的贻贝床（紫贻贝）的滩涂。在自然河床中，贻贝在两个不同的空间尺度上产生自组织模式：由行为聚集驱动的厘米尺度上的规则间隔的贻贝集群和由生态反馈机制驱动的米尺度上的大规模，规则间隔的带。为了测试这两个空间尺度的自组织贻贝床持久性的相对重要性，我们进行了现场操作，我们factorially构建小规模和/或大规模的模式。我们的研究结果表明，这两种形式的自组织增强了持久性的构造贻贝床相比，无组织的床。小规模的，行为驱动的集群模式被认为是至关重要的持久性，从而抵抗波干扰，而大规模的，自组织的模式促进改革的小规模模式，如果贻贝被驱逐。这项研究提供了实验证据，自组织可以是至关重要的，以提高生态系统的持久性。我们的结论是，生态系统自组织的空间格局可能会大大受益于保护和恢复行动，利用自组织的紧急影响，以增加生态系统的抗干扰能力。
Self-organized spatial patterns occur in many terrestrial, aquatic, and marine ecosystems. Theoretical models and observational studies suggest self-organization, the formation of patterns due to ecological interactions, is critical for enhanced ecosystem resilience. However, experimental tests of this cross-ecosystem theory are lacking. In this study, we experimentally test the hypothesis that self-organized pattern formation improves the persistence of mussel beds (Mytilus edulis) on intertidal flats. In natural beds, mussels generate self-organized patterns at two different spatial scales: regularly spaced clusters of mussels at centimeter scale driven by behavioral aggregation and large-scale, regularly spaced bands at meter scale driven by ecological feedback mechanisms. To test for the relative importance of these two spatial scales of self-organization on mussel bed persistence, we conducted field manipulations in which we factorially constructed small-scale and/or large-scale patterns. Our results revealed that both forms of self-organization enhanced the persistence of the constructed mussel beds in comparison to nonorganized beds. Small-scale, behaviorally driven cluster patterns were found to be crucial for persistence, and thus resistance to wave disturbance, whereas large-scale, self-organized patterns facilitated reformation of small-scale patterns if mussels were dislodged. This study provides experimental evidence that self-organization can be paramount to enhancing ecosystem persistence. We conclude that ecosystems with self-organized spatial patterns are likely to benefit greatly from conservation and restoration actions that use the emergent effects of self-organization to increase ecosystem resistance to disturbance.