Soil microbial legacy drives crop diversity advantage: Linking ecological plant–soil feedback with agricultural intercropping
Soil microbial legacy drives crop diversity advantage: Linking ecological plant–soil feedback with agricultural intercropping
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13802
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发表时间：
2020-11
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Guangzhou Wang;Shuikuan Bei;Jianpeng Li;X. Bao;Jiudong Zhang;P. Schultz;Haigang Li;Long Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guangzhou Wang;Shuikuan Bei;Jianpeng Li;X. Bao;Jiudong Zhang;P. Schultz;Haigang Li;Long Li
虽然生态学研究越来越强调土壤微生物组在调节植物群落结构和功能方面的重要性，但农业中驱动作物多样性超产的生物过程仍未得到解释。基于植物-土壤反馈（PSF）理论和方法，定量分析了土壤微生物对间作超产的影响程度和机理。土壤作为接种物收集，并从一个独特的10年田间试验中进行测序，该试验包括单作、间作和轮作小麦（Triticum aestivum）、玉米（Zea mays）和蚕豆（Vicia faba）。采用PSF温室试验，研究了微生物对三种作物单作和间作生长的影响。在小麦和蚕豆（W&F）和玉米和蚕豆（M&F）系统中，与单作相比，土壤微生物是间作超产的驱动因素，其中微生物遗传贡献了28%-51%的超产。两种系统的超产效应都是由负PSFs引起的，因为作物，特别是蚕豆，在其他作物调节的土壤中比自身生长得更好。此外，蚕豆在间作或轮作的土壤中比在单一栽培的土壤中生长得更好，表明多种种植制度具有很强的积极遗留效应。然而，由于套作/轮作的正PSF和负遗留效益效应，我们在W&M系统中没有观察到显著的超产。异种土壤中细菌和真菌的差异越大，对蚕豆生长的促进作用越好。更详细的分析表明，蚕豆单一栽培土壤积累了更多的假定病原体，镰刀菌相对丰度更高，qPCR结果显示镰刀菌拷贝数更多，而在异种土壤中，与谷物混合的病原菌较少。进一步分析表明，玉米/蚕豆间作的根瘤菌相对丰度也有所增加。合成与应用。我们的研究结果表明，通过抑制病原体的负PSF和增加有益微生物，间作具有土壤微生物组介导的优势。由于微生物对超产的调节依赖于环境，我们得出结论，在设计可持续农业的种植制度时，应考虑有益微生物和致病微生物的动态，特别是包括豆类和谷物的组合。
Although the importance of the soil microbiome in mediating plant community structures and functions has been increasingly emphasized in ecological studies, the biological processes driving crop diversity overyielding remain unexplained in agriculture. Based on the plant–soil feedback (PSF) theory and method, we quantified to what extent and how soil microbes contributed to intercropping overyielding.Soils were collected as inocula and sequenced from a unique 10‐year field experiment, consisting of monoculture, intercropping and rotation planted with wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays)or faba bean (Vicia faba). A PSF greenhouse study was conducted to test microbial effects on three crops' growth in monoculture or intercropping.In wheat & faba bean (W&F) and maize & faba bean (M&F) systems, soil microbes drove intercropping overyielding compared to monoculture, with 28%–51% of the overyielding contributed by microbial legacies. The overyielding effects resulted from negative PSFs in both systems, as crops, in particular faba bean grew better in soils conditioned by other crops than itself. Moreover, faba bean grew better in soils from intercropping or rotation than from the average of monocultures, indicating a strong positive legacy effect of multispecies cropping systems. However, with positive PSF and negative legacy benefit effect of intercropping/rotation, we did not observe significant overyielding in the W&M system.With more bacterial and fungal dissimilarities by metabarcoding in heterospecific than its own soil, the better it improved faba bean growth. More detailed analysis showed faba bean monoculture soil accumulated more putative pathogens with higherFusariumrelative abundance and moreFusarium oxysporumgene copies by qPCR, while in heterospecific soils, there were less pathogenic effects when cereals were engaged. Further analysis in maize/faba bean intercropping also showed an increase of rhizobia relative abundance.Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate a soil microbiome‐mediated advantage in intercropping through suppression of the negative PSF of pathogens and increasing beneficial microbes. As microbial mediation of overyielding is context‐dependent, we conclude that the dynamics of both beneficial and pathogenic microbes should be considered in designing cropping systems for sustainable agriculture, particularly including combinations of legumes and cereals.