Perfluoroalkyl substances and fish consumption
Perfluoroalkyl substances and fish consumption
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2016.12.032
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Turyk, Mary
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Christensen, Krista Y.;Raymond, Michelle;Turyk, Mary
背景：全氟烷基物质（PFAS）是一类新兴污染物。出于对环境持久性和不良健康影响（包括甲状腺疾病和血脂异常）的担忧，某些 PFAS 受到监管或自愿限制。一般人群接触 PFAS 的主要来源被认为是海鲜消费。 目标：在这项分析中，我们使用美国人口的代表性样本，研究 PFAS 水平及其决定因素，以及 PFAS 水平与自我报告的鱼类和贝类消费之间的关联。方法：收集了 2007-2008 年过去 30 天内 PFAS 水平和自我报告的鱼类消费数据， 2009-2010年、2011-2012年和2013-2014年周期的全国健康与营养检查调查。在参与者的血清样本中测量了 12 种不同的 PFAS。使用普通最小二乘回归模型来确定与血清 PFAS 浓度相关的因素（人口特征和鱼类消费习惯）。其他模型进一步针对其他潜在暴露进行了调整，包括服兵役以及食用即食食品和快餐。结果：至少 30% 的参与者中检测到了 7 种 PFAS，并在后续分析中进行了检查（PFDA、PFOA、PFOS、PFHxS、MPAH、PFNA、PFUA）。浓度最高的 PFAS 是 PFOS，其次是 PFOA、PFHxS 和 PFNA（中位数分别为 8.3、2.7、1.5 和 1.0 ng/mL）。过去 30 天报告的鱼类消费量普遍较低，平均为 1.2 份鱼粉和 0.14 份贝类粉。根据人口特征进行调整后，鱼类总消费量与 MPAH 减少以及 PFDE、PFNA 和 PFuDA 升高相关。除 MPAH 外，贝类摄入量与所有检查的 PFAS 含量升高有关。某些特定的鱼类和贝类类型也与特定的 PFAS 相关。对额外暴露变量的调整导致海鲜变量的影响估计几乎没有变化。结论：PFAS 是新兴污染物，具有广泛的暴露、持久性和潜在的不良健康影响。在一般人群中，鱼类和贝类的消费与 PFAS 水平相关，这可能表明了教育和推广的途径。
Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an emerging class of contaminants. Certain PFAS are regulated or voluntarily limited due to concern about environmental persistence and adverse health effects, including thyroid disease and dyslipidemia. The major source of PFAS exposure in the general population is thought to be consumption of seafood.Objectives: In this analysis we examine PFAS levels and their determinants, as well as associations between PFAS levels and self-reported fish and shellfish consumption, using a representative sample of the U.S. population.Methods: Data on PFAS levels and self-reported fish consumption over the past 30 days were collected from the 2007-2008, 2009-2010, 2011-2012, and 2013-2014 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Twelve different PFAS were measured in serum samples from participants. Ordinary least squares regression models were used to identify factors (demographic characteristics and fish consumption habits) associated with serum PFAS concentrations. Additional models were further adjusted for other potential exposures including military service and consumption of ready-to-eat and fast foods.Results: Seven PFAS were detected in at least 30% of participants and were examined in subsequent analyses (PFDA, PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, MPAH, PFNA, PFUA). The PFAS with the highest concentrations were PFOS, followed by PFOA, PFHxS and PFNA (medians of 8.3, 2.7, 1.5 and 1.0 ng/mL). Fish consumption was generally low, with a median of 1.2 fish meals and 0.14 shellfish meals, reported over the past 30 days. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, total fish consumption was associated with reduced MPAH, and with elevated PFDE, PFNA and PFuDA. Shellfish consumption was associated with elevations of all PFAS examined except MPAH. Certain specific fish and shellfish types were also associated with specific PFAS. Adjustment for additional exposure variables resulted in little to no change in effect estimates for seafood variables.Conclusions: PFAS are emerging contaminants with widespread exposure, persistence, and potential for adverse health effects. In the general population, fish and shellfish consumption are associated with PFAS levels, which may indicate an avenue for education and outreach.