Color adjectives, standards, and thresholds: an experimental investigation

Color adjectives, standards, and thresholds: an experimental investigation
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颜色形容词、标准和阈值:实验研究

DOI:
10.1007/s10988-016-9202-7
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
1.1
通讯作者:
Hansen N
Hansen N
中科院分区:
人文科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hansen N

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是颜色形容词(“红色”、“绿色”等)相对形容词还是绝对形容词?现有的颜色形容词含义理论试图使用非正式(“纸上谈兵”)判断来回答这个问题。理论家们的非正式判断相互矛盾:有人认为颜色形容词是绝对的,标准锚定在量表上的最低程度,他们是绝对的,但有接近中点的标准,他们是相对的。在本文中,我们报告了两个实验,一个基于蕴涵模式和一个基于预设调节,调查的意义的标量形容词。我们发现的证据证实存在的亚组的人口谁经营的颜色形容词的不同标准。人际差异的证据表明,标准在相关量表上的位置以及如何调整这些标准,表明现有的颜色形容词意义理论充其量只是部分正确。我们还发现证据表明,聚合关系形容词(“高”,“宽”)的行为方式,没有预测的标准理论的标量形容词。我们讨论了几种不同的可能的解释这种意想不到的行为。最后,我们讨论的相关性,我们的研究结果的语义编码的上下文敏感性的性质和程度,其中颜色形容词发挥了关键作用的哲学辩论。
Are color adjectives (“red”, “green”, etc.) relative adjectives or absolute adjectives? Existing theories of the meaning of color adjectives attempt to answer that question using informal (“armchair”) judgments. The informal judgments of theorists conflict: it has been proposed that color adjectives are absolute with standards anchored at the minimum degree on the scale, that they are absolute but have near-midpoint standards, and that they are relative. In this paper we report two experiments, one based on entailment patterns and one based on presupposition accommodation, that investigate the meaning of scalar adjectives. We find evidence confirming the existence of subgroups of the population who operate with different standards for color adjectives. The evidence of interpersonal variation in where standards are located on the relevant scale and how those standards can be adjusted indicates that the existing theories of the meaning of color adjectives are at best only partially correct. We also find evidence that paradigmatic relative adjectives (“tall”, “wide”) behave in ways that are not predicted by the standard theory of scalar adjectives. We discuss several different possible explanations for this unexpected behavior. We conclude by discussing the relevance of our findings for philosophical debates about the nature and extent of semantically encoded context sensitivity in which color adjectives have played a key role.
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