Impacts of road salt runoff on water quality of the chicago, illinois, region
Impacts of road salt runoff on water quality of the chicago, illinois, region
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道路盐径流对伊利诺伊州芝加哥地区水质的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Hackley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Kelly;S. Panno;K. Hackley
道路盐径流严重影响了伊利诺伊州芝加哥地区地表水和地下水的水质。地表水和地下水含盐量高对水生生态系统、基础设施和工业运作构成重大威胁。自20世纪70年代中期以来，几乎所有监测到的河流和溪流的氯化物（Cl−）和钠（Na）浓度都有显著增加。在一些河流中，Cl -的增长速度超过了10毫克/升/年。Cl -和Na的浓度在冬季明显较高，这是由于新盐渍道路直接径流的结果。近年来，Cl -和Na浓度在芝加哥大都市区以西的福克斯河流域增长最快，那里的土地利用正在迅速从农村转变为城市。芝加哥地区浅层含水层中的氯化物和钠浓度也在增加。目前地表水的Cl−和Na的浓度大约是等摩尔浓度，而受道路盐影响的地下水Cl−相对于Na往往过量，这表明Na在地下的阻滞可能是由于阳离子交换。对芝加哥地区Cl -投入和产出的粗略估计表明，一年中施用的大部分道路盐都被地表排放掉了。然而，大约14%的道路盐保留在地下，每年约有50,000公吨的NaCl，代表Cl -和Na及其他相关离子的长期来源。
Road salt runoff has heavily impacted the water quality of surface water and groundwater in the Chicago, IL, region. High salt contents in surface water and groundwater pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems and to infrastructure and industrial operations. Almost all of the rivers and streams monitored have had significant increases in chloride (Cl − ) and sodium (Na) concentrations since the mid-1970s. Rates of Cl − increase for several of the streams are in excess of 10 mg/L/yr. Concentrations of Cl − and Na are significantly higher during the winter months as a result of direct runoff from freshly salted roadways. In recent years, Cl − and Na concentrations have increased most rapidly in the Fox River Basin west of the Chicago metropolitan area, where land use is rapidly changing from rural to urban. Chloride and Na concentrations are also increasing in shallow aquifers in the Chicago region. Surface waters currently have approximately equimolar concentrations of Cl − and Na, while groundwater impacted by road salt tends to have an excess of Cl − relative to Na, suggesting Na retardation in the subsurface, likely due to cation exchange. A rough estimate of inputs and outputs of Cl − in the Chicago region suggests that most of the road salt applied in a year is removed by surface discharge. However, about 14 percent of the road salt is retained in the subsurface, approximately 50,000 metric tons of NaCl annually, representing a long-term source of Cl − and Na and other associated ions.