Reproductive Failure in UK Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena: Legacy of Pollutant Exposure?
Reproductive Failure in UK Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena: Legacy of Pollutant Exposure?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0131085
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Jepson PD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murphy S;Barber JL;Learmonth JA;Read FL;Deaville R;Perkins MW;Brownlow A;Davison N;Penrose R;Pierce GJ;Law RJ;Jepson PD
由于接触多氯联苯（PCB），哺乳动物的生殖功能衰竭可能通过内分泌干扰效应或通过免疫抑制和疾病风险增加而发生。为了进一步调查，对329只英国搁浅的雌性港湾鼠海豚进行了全面尸检，并测定了鲸脂中的25种多氯联苯同系物（∑PCBs脂质重量）（1990-2012年）。在性成熟雌性中，25/127（19.7%）显示出生殖失败的直接证据（胎死、流产、难产或死胎）。另有21/127（16.5%）患有生殖道感染或生殖道组织肿瘤，可能导致生殖失败。静息的成熟雌性（非哺乳期或非妊娠期）的∑PCBs平均值（18.5 mg/kg）显著高于哺乳期（7.5 mg/kg）和妊娠期（6 mg/kg），但与性未成熟雌性（14.0 mg/kg）无显著差异。使用多项逻辑回归模型，发现多氯联苯是成熟女性生殖状态的一个重要预测因子，调整了混杂变量的影响。休息的女性更有可能有更高的PCB负担。健康状况（由“创伤”或“传染病”死亡原因代理）也是一个重要的预测因素，与其他个体相比，哺乳期女性（即成功繁殖的女性）更有可能处于良好的健康状况。根据污染物概况（>11毫克/千克脂质），至少有29/60（48%）的静息雌性动物没有通过妊娠和主要是哺乳来卸载其污染物负荷。在数据可用的情况下，这些非卸载雌性动物先前妊娠，这表明胎儿或新生儿死亡。此外，与其他人群相比，死于创伤性死亡的“健康”女性的怀孕率估计为50%。无论是否PCB是一个潜在的机制的一部分，我们使用个人PCB的负担，以显示在东北大西洋港口鼠海豚种群繁殖失败的进一步证据，结果应该通知保护管理。
Reproductive failure in mammals due to exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can occur either through endocrine disrupting effects or via immunosuppression and increased disease risk. To investigate further, full necropsies and determination of summed 25 polychlorinated biphenyls congeners (∑PCBs lipid weight) in blubber were undertaken on 329 UK-stranded female harbour porpoises (1990-2012). In sexually mature females, 25/127 (19.7%) showed direct evidence of reproductive failure (foetal death, aborting, dystocia or stillbirth). A further 21/127 (16.5%) had infections of the reproductive tract or tumours of reproductive tract tissues that could contribute to reproductive failure. Resting mature females (non-lactating or non-pregnant) had significantly higher mean ∑PCBs (18.5 mg/kg) than both lactating (7.5 mg/kg) and pregnant females (6 mg/kg), though not significantly different to sexually immature females (14.0 mg/kg). Using multinomial logistic regression models ΣPCBs was found to be a significant predictor of mature female reproductive status, adjusting for the effects of confounding variables. Resting females were more likely to have a higher PCB burden. Health status (proxied by “trauma” or “infectious disease” causes of death) was also a significant predictor, with lactating females (i.e. who successfully reproduced) more likely to be in good health status compared to other individuals. Based on contaminant profiles (>11 mg/kg lipid), at least 29/60 (48%) of resting females had not offloaded their pollutant burden via gestation and primarily lactation. Where data were available, these non-offloading females were previously gravid, which suggests foetal or newborn mortality. Furthermore, a lower pregnancy rate of 50% was estimated for “healthy” females that died of traumatic causes of death, compared to other populations. Whether or not PCBs are part of an underlying mechanism, we used individual PCB burdens to show further evidence of reproductive failure in the North-east Atlantic harbour porpoise population, results that should inform conservation management.