Non-breeding fæder Ruffs Philomachus pugnax associate according to sex, not morphology
Non-breeding fæder Ruffs Philomachus pugnax associate according to sex, not morphology
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DOI：
10.1080/00063650809461529
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Piersma, Theunis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Verkuil, Yvonne I.;Jukema, Joop;Piersma, Theunis
囊袋与人交往的，是女性，而不是男性。在几个不同的空间尺度上，目的是测试的预测，在空间和时间上的发生feders的生态理由，应跟踪的女性。方法饲养的比例估计5个形态测量数据集，收集了40多年来，在4个不同的国家，在3个不同的季节（包括9133个拉夫）。faeders的数量是1.0%的female.Results的faeders在渔获量的比例平均为1.03%，在英国的0.3%，在塞内加尔的0.85%，在冬季和荷兰的1.04%，在春季之间变化的faeders的分数对零模型进行了测试。在荷兰中途停留时，这一比例从1.3%下降到0.7%。在所有四个空间和时间尺度上，男女比例的回归偏离了零模型：我们发现，在捕获物中，高比例的摄食者与低比例的雌性，表明摄食者与较大尺寸的“正常”雄性相关联。结论我们建议，摄食者与较大尺寸的雄性一起过冬，并与较大尺寸的雄性一起迁徙，我们认为，任何与使用次优栖息地有关的生存成本都可以通过更高的繁殖成功率来补偿。
Capsule F ae ders (males that are female look-alikes) associate with males rather than females, at several different spatial scales.Aims To test the prediction that the occurrence in space and time of f ae ders on ecological grounds should track that of females.Methods The fraction of feeders was estimated in five morphometric data sets that were collected over four decades in four different countries in three different seasons (comprising 9133 Ruffs). The regression of f ae der-female fractions was tested against the null model assuming that the number of f ae ders is 1.0% of females.Results The fraction of f ae ders in catches averaged 1.03%, varying between 0.3% in autumn in the UK up to 0.85% in Senegal in winter and 1.04% in The Netherlands in spring. On a stopover in The Netherlands the fraction decreased from 1.3% to 0.7% when the females started to arrive. At all four spatial and temporal scales the regression of f ae der-female fractions deviated from the null model: we found high fractions of feeders in catches with low fractions of females, indicating that f ae ders rather associate with the larger-sized 'normal' males.Conclusion We suggest that feeders spend the winter, and migrate with, the larger-sized lekking males, and we propose that any survival costs associated with the use of suboptimal habitats is compensated by higher reproductive success as sneakers on leks.