Effect of hydroelectric dam operations on the freshwater productivity of a Columbia River fall Chinook salmon population
Effect of hydroelectric dam operations on the freshwater productivity of a Columbia River fall Chinook salmon population
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DOI：
10.1139/cjfas-2013-0276
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Pearsons, Todd N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harnish, Ryan A.;Sharma, Rishi;Pearsons, Todd N.
改变流量波动的时间和幅度可以最大限度地减少运营水力发电大坝对下游鲑鱼种群生产力的不利影响。 20 世纪 70 年代中期，Priest Rapids 大坝的水力发电作业导致秋季奇努克鲑鱼 (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) 脱水，导致砾石内生命阶段的死亡。从那时起，普里斯特急流大坝实施了一系列运营限制，以减少流量波动对大坝下游产卵和繁殖的秋季奇努克鲑鱼种群的影响。最初的保护重点是防止红脱水，随后增加到包括出苗后生命阶段。我们利用新股分析来确定 30 年来人口淡水生产力的变化，并且这些变化与大坝运营的变化同时发生。我们观察到，与为防止redd脱水而制定的限制措施相对应，生产力提高了217％，在为限制搁浅和诱捕幼鱼而制定的限制措施下，生产率又提高了130％。从这项研究中获得的信息可用于指导其他地方的努力，以减轻水力发电大坝运营对下游鱼类种群的影响。
Altering the timing and magnitude of discharge fluctuations can minimize the adverse effects of operating hydroelectric dams on the productivity of downstream salmon populations. Hydroelectric operations at Priest Rapids Dam during the mid-1970s resulted in dewatering of fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redds, causing mortality of intragravel life stages. Since then, a series of operational constraints have been implemented at Priest Rapids Dam to reduce the effects of discharge fluctuations on the population of fall Chinook salmon that spawns and rears downstream from the dam. Initial protections that focused on preventing redd dewatering were subsequently increased to include postemergence life stages. We used stock-recruit analyses to identify changes to the population's freshwater productivity that occurred over a 30-year period and coincided with changes to dam operations. We observed a 217% increase in productivity that corresponded with constraints enacted to prevent redd dewatering and an additional 130% increase that coincided with enactment of constraints to limit stranding and entrapment of juveniles. The information gained from this study may be used to guide efforts elsewhere to mitigate the effects of hydroelectric dam operations on downstream fish populations.