Diversity and Technological Progress
Diversity and Technological Progress
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多样性和技术进步
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Acemoglu
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文献类型：
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作者：
D. Acemoglu
本文提出了一个易于处理的模型来研究技术进步的均衡多样性，并表明均衡技术进步可能表现出太少的多样性（太多的一致性），特别是放弃对未来某个时候将使用的“替代”技术的社会有益投资。未来创新将取代当前创新的存在意味着创新带来的社会效益并未完全内化。因此，市场更青睐那些能够产生当前收益的技术，而不是那些将在未来取得成果的技术；不鼓励当前在未来有利可图的研究领域进行的创新，因为当前的创新通常会在进行可盈利的营销之前进行进一步的创新。社会规划者会选择更加多样化的研究组合，并会导致比均衡分配更高的增长率。研究人员的多样性是针对市场引起的错配的部分（不完美）补救措施。具有不同兴趣、能力或想法的研究人员可以选择非营利最大化，从而更加多样化的研究组合，间接促进经济增长。
This paper proposes a tractable model to study the equilibrium diversity of technological progress and shows that equilibrium technological progress may exhibit too little diversity (too much conformity), in particular, foregoing socially beneficial investments in "alternative" technologies that will be used at some point in the future. The presence of future innovations that will replace current innovations imply that social benefits from innovation are not fully internalized. As a consequence, the market favors technologies that generate current gains relative to those that will bear fruit in the future; current innovations in research lines that will be profitable in the future are discouraged because current innovations are typically followed by further innovations before they can be profitably marketed. A social planner would choose a more diverse research portfolio and would induce a higher growth rate than the equilibrium allocation. The diversity of researchers is a partial (imperfect) remedy against the misallocation induced by the market. Researchers with different interests, competences or ideas may choose non-profit maximizing and thus more diverse research portfolios, indirectly contributing to economic growth.