A comparison of nicotine biomarkers and smoking patterns in daily and nondaily smokers.
A comparison of nicotine biomarkers and smoking patterns in daily and nondaily smokers.
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DOI：
10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1014
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发表时间：
2014-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Benowitz NL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shiffman S;Dunbar MS;Benowitz NL
非日常吸烟者或间歇性吸烟者 (ITS) 越来越常见，但 ITS 摄入的尼古丁（如果有的话）的量以及代谢尼古丁的速度尚未得到研究。我们比较了 224 名 ITS 和 222 名每日吸烟者 (DS) 的一氧化碳 (CO)、尿可替宁和尼古丁代谢（尼古丁代谢物比率 [NMR]：3-羟基可替宁：可替宁）。研究了性别和种族的影响。 DS 的可替宁浓度高于 ITS（1396 ± 69 vs. 478 ± 44 ng/ml），这归因于较高的 CPD。在两组中，随着 CPD 的增加，可替宁的上升速度更慢。白人 (WH) 和非裔美国人 (AA) DS 之间的可替宁没有差异； ITS中，AA可替宁是WH的两倍多。在 DS 中，WH 吸烟者的 CO 显着高于 AA 吸烟者，但 WH ITS 中的 CO 显着低于 AA ITS。尽管 AA ITS 比 WH ITS 吸烟更多（CPD：4.13 ± 0.55 vs. 3.31 ± 0.41），但这并不能解释观察到的可替宁和 CO 差异。 NMR 没有因群体或种族而存在差异，也没有任何性别影响。在可比较的 CPD 下，DS' 和 ITS 每支烟的尼古丁摄入量相似，尼古丁代谢率也相似。在 ITS 中，AA 吸烟者比 WH ITS 吸烟者吸烟更多，每支烟摄入的尼古丁也更多，这与 ITS 作为异质群体的观点一致。每支烟的尼古丁摄入量和新陈代谢的差异可能无法解释 DS 和 ITS 吸烟的差异。未来的研究应该探索 ITS 吸烟的种族差异。
Non-daily or intermittent smokers (ITS) are increasingly common, but how much nicotine, if any, ITS take in and how quickly they metabolize it has not yet been studied. We compared carbon monoxide (CO), urinary cotinine, and nicotine metabolism (nicotine metabolite ratio [NMR]: 3-hydroxycotinine:cotinine) in 224 ITS and 222 daily smokers (DS). Effects of gender and ethnicity were examined. DS had higher cotinine concentrations than ITS (1396 ± 69 vs. 478 ± 44 ng/ml), attributable to higher CPD. In both groups, cotinine rose more slowly as CPD increased. There were no differences in cotinine between White (WH) and African American (AA) DS; among ITS, AA cotinine was over twice that of WH. Among DS, CO was significantly higher among WH than AA smokers, but significantly lower among WH ITS than AA ITS. Although AA ITS smoked more than WH ITS (CPD: 4.13 ± 0.55 vs. 3.31 ± 0.41), this did not account for the observed cotinine nor CO differences. There were no differences in NMR by group or race, nor any gender effects. At comparable CPD, DS’ and ITS’ intake of nicotine per cigarette was similar, as were their rates of nicotine metabolism. Among ITS, AA smokers smoke more and take in more nicotine per cigarette than WH ITS, consistent with the view of ITS as a heterogeneous group. Differences in nicotine intake per cigarette and metabolism likely cannot account for differences in DS and ITS smoking. Future studies should explore ethnic differences in ITS smoking.