Classic Spotlight: Before They Were Biofilms.
Classic Spotlight: Before They Were Biofilms.
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经典聚焦：在它们成为生物膜之前。
DOI：
10.1128/jb.00593-15
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
O'Toole,GeorgeA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
O'Toole,GeorgeA
生物膜是微生物的表面附着群落。术语“生物膜”或表面相关的微生物群落，现在为大多数微生物学家所熟悉，因为这些微生物群落在临床，环境和工业环境中的重要性得到了认可，但微生物可以附着在表面的概念要古老得多。虽然“生物膜”一词直到20世纪70年代才被创造出来，但亚瑟·亨里奇和克劳德·佐贝尔在20世纪30年代发表在《细菌学杂志》（JB）上的两篇开创性论文确立了生物膜的概念。1933年，亨里希（Henrici）发现，将干净的载玻片浸入各种水族箱、明尼苏达大学校园的一个百合池和附近的亚历山大湖中，会导致细菌群落“最终变得如此之厚，以至于很难区分单个细胞。细胞实际上是在玻璃上生长的，这是由它们以稳定增加的大小的小菌落出现来表明的。Henrici还观察到，“在其他情况下，细胞群显然被一层胶质鞘所包围，这层胶质鞘也用于将殖民地固定在玻璃上”; Henrici注意到了生物膜基质。两年后，Zobell与Esther艾伦合作，报道了在海洋环境中的类似研究。在JB的论文中，他们报告说，“细菌似乎需要几分钟才能将自己固定在玻璃上。但让滑梯在水中浸泡一两个小时...他们会被大量发现，所以
Biofilms are surface attached communities of microbes. The term “biofilm,” or surface-associated microbial communities, is now familiar to most microbiologists, as is the recognition of the importance of these microbial communities in clinical, environmental, and industrial settings, but the concept that microbes can attach to a surface is much older. While the term “biofilm” would not be coined until the 1970s, two seminal papers published in the 1930s in the Journal of Bacteriology (JB) by Arthur Henrici and Claude Zobell established the biofilm concept. In 1933 Henrici (1) recognized that submerging a clean slide in a variety of aquaria, a lily pond on the University of Minnesota campus, and nearby Lake Alexander resulted in a bacterial community “eventually becoming so thick that individual cells may be distinguished with difficulty. That the cells are actually growing upon the glass is indicated by their occurrence in microcolonies of steadily increasing size.” Henrici also observed,“In other cases the groups of cells are evidently surrounded by a sheath of gum which also serves to fasten the colony to the glass”; Henrici was noting the biofilm matrix.Two years later Zobell, working with Esther Allen (2), reported similar studies in a marine environment. In their paper in JB, they report that “it seems to take several minutes for the bacteria to cement themselves to the glass.... But let the slide remained submerged for an hour or two... they will be found profusely, so