Genome‐resolved viral ecology in a marine oxygen minimum zone
Genome‐resolved viral ecology in a marine oxygen minimum zone
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基因组解析了海洋最低氧气区的病毒生态学
DOI：
10.1111/1462-2920.15313
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Sullivan, Matthew B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vik, Dean;Gazitúa, Maria Consuelo;Sun, Christine L.;Zayed, Ahmed A.;Aldunate, Montserrat;Mulholland, Margaret R.;Ulloa, Osvaldo;Sullivan, Matthew B.
最小含氧区（OMZ）是海洋氮循环和全球气候变化的关键。虽然OMZ微生物群落的研究相对较好，但对它们的病毒知之甚少。在这里，我们评估了22个深度测序的病毒宏基因组沿着在东热带南太平洋（ETSP）OMZ的含氧到缺氧沃茨（<0.02 μmol/l O2）的梯度的病毒群落生态。我们鉴定了46127个病毒群体（≥5 kb），这使ETSP的已知病毒增加了10倍。病毒群落分为六组，对应于海洋学特征。氧浓度是驱动病毒群落结构的主要环境特征。缺氧区病毒群落的α和β多样性低于表面沃茨，这与其他研究中看到的低微生物多样性相平行。ETSP病毒在很大程度上是地方性的，大多数共享病毒（87%）也存在于其他OMZ样本中。我们检测到543个推定的病毒编码的辅助代谢基因（AMG），其中一些具有反映跨深度的物理化学特征的分布。这些发现为OMZ中的病毒群落结构、驱动因素和种群变异性提供了生态基线，这将有助于未来的研究评估病毒在这些气候关键环境中的作用。
Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are critical to marine nitrogen cycling and global climate change. While OMZ microbial communities are relatively well‐studied, little is known about their viruses. Here, we assess the viral community ecology of 22 deeply sequenced viral metagenomes along a gradient of oxygenated to anoxic waters (<0.02 μmol/l O2) in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) OMZ. We identified 46 127 viral populations (≥5 kb), which augments the known viruses from ETSP by 10‐fold. Viral communities clustered into six groups that correspond to oceanographic features. Oxygen concentration was the predominant environmental feature driving viral community structure. Alpha and beta diversity of viral communities in the anoxic zone were lower than in surface waters, which parallels the low microbial diversity seen in other studies. ETSP viruses were largely endemic, with the majority of shared viruses (87%) also present in other OMZ samples. We detected 543 putative viral‐encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs), of which some have a distribution that reflects physico‐chemical characteristics across depth. Together these findings provide an ecological baseline for viral community structure, drivers and population variability in OMZs that will help future studies assess the role of viruses in these climate‐critical environments.