Understanding compound hazards from a weather system perspective
Understanding compound hazards from a weather system perspective
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DOI：
10.1016/j.wace.2021.100313
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发表时间：
2021-03-18
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Dowdy, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Catto, Jennifer L.;Dowdy, Andrew
极端的风、降雨和海浪等自然灾害会对建筑环境和自然环境产生严重影响，在某些情况下会导致灾难性事件的发生。这些灾害通常是由气旋、锋面和雷暴等天气系统造成的。以前的研究通常考察一种类型的危险和/或一种类型的天气系统，近年来的一些研究开始关注复合危险。在这里，我们从天气系统类型学的角度系统地研究复合灾害(极端降水、极端阵风和极端海浪)。从ERA中期再分析数据中自动识别气旋和锋面，雷暴事件基于2005年至2015年的闪电观测，确定了研究期间。在此期间，对全球不同季节的不同复合灾害类型和天气系统类型之间的关系进行了研究。大多数单独和复合灾害最有可能与仅有锋面或气旋和锋面天气系统类型有关，而在热带地区，大多数灾害与仅有雷暴类型有很强的关联。尽管三重天气系统类型的出现频率低于双天气系统类型，但对于许多灾害，特别是三重灾害，显示出同样的重要性。使用这一复合事件框架对个别案例研究进行了审查。鉴于对我们这个快速变化的世界的重要性，更多地了解复合灾害及其在世界各地造成这些灾害的天气系统，将有助于改进备灾和减少灾害风险。
Natural hazards such as extreme wind, rainfall and ocean waves can have severe impacts on built and natural environments, contributing to the occurrence of disastrous events in some cases. These hazards are often caused by weather systems such as cyclones, fronts and thunderstorms. Previous studies typically examine one type of hazard and/or one type of weather system, with some studies in recent years starting to focus on compound hazards. Here we systematically examine compound hazards (extreme precipitation, extreme wind gusts, and extreme waves) from a weather system typology perspective. Cyclones and fronts are identified automatically from ERA-Interim reanalysis data, and thunderstorm events are based on lightning observations from 2005 to 2015, defining the study period. Relationships are examined over this period between the different compound hazard types and the weather system types, globally for different seasons. Most of the individual and compound hazards are most likely to be associated with the front-only or cyclone and front weather system types, while in the tropics, most hazards are strongly associated with the thunderstorm-only type. Despite being less frequent than the double weather system types, the triple weather system type shows comparable importance for many of the hazards, and especially the triple hazard. Individual case studies are examined using this compound event framework. It is intended that a greater understanding of compound hazards and the weather systems that cause them in regions throughout the world will help lead to improved preparedness and disaster risk reduction, given the importance of this for our rapidly changing world.