Sex differences in sex chromosome gene expression in mouse brain
Sex differences in sex chromosome gene expression in mouse brain
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DOI：
10.1093/hmg/11.12.1409
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发表时间：
2002-06-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Arnold, AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xu, J;Burgoyne, PS;Arnold, AP
一个主要的问题是性染色体上编码的基因是否直接作用于非性腺组织，导致发育或功能的性别差异，或者是否体细胞组织中的所有性别差异都是由性腺分泌物诱导的。作为这个问题的一部分，我们询问小鼠X-Y同源基因对是否以性别特异性的方式在大脑中表达。利用RT-PCR和北方印迹分析技术，我们评估了8个Y连锁基因及其X连锁同源基因在三个年龄段（13.5天后，出生日（P1）和成人）脑中的mRNA表达。6个Y基因的转录本在一个或多个年龄表达：Usp 9 y，Ube 1 y，Smcy，Eif 2s 3 y，Uty和Dby。它们的表达也发生在XY女性大脑中，因此不需要睾丸分泌物。六个X-连锁同源物（Usp 9 x，Ube 1x，Smcx，Eif 2s 3x，Utx和Dbx）也在大脑中表达，在成年期，所有这些转录物在女性大脑中的表达水平显着高于男性大脑中的水平，无论其X-失活状态。对于这些基因对中的五个，Y-连锁同源物在男性中的表达不足以补偿X基因表达中的女性偏倚。三个X-Y基因对，USP 9 x/y，Ube 1x/y和Eif 2s 3x/y，似乎是差异调节的（在大脑中以不同的年龄或组织依赖性模式表达），因此可能在功能上不等同。这些X-Y基因表达的性别差异表明这些基因可能参与大脑发育和功能的性别差异的几种机制。
A major question is whether genes encoded on the sex chromosomes act directly in non-gonadal tissues to cause sex differences in development or function, or whether all sex differences in somatic tissues are induced by gonadal secretions. As part of this question we asked whether mouse X-Y homologous gene pairs are expressed in brain in a sex-specific fashion. Using RT-PCR and northern blot analysis, we assessed mRNA expression in brain of eight Y-linked genes as well as their X-linked homologues, at three ages: 13.5 days post coitum, the day of birth (P1) and adult. Transcripts of six Y genes were expressed at one or more ages: Usp9y, Ube1y, Smcy, Eif2s3y, Uty and Dby. Their expression also occurred in XY female brain, and therefore does not require testicular secretions. Six X-linked homologues (Usp9x, Ube1x, Smcx, Eif2s3x, Utx and Dbx) were also expressed in brain, and in adulthood all of these transcripts were expressed at significantly higher levels in brains of females than in brains of males, irrespective of their X-inactivation status. For five of these gene pairs, the expression of the Y-linked homologue in males was not sufficient to compensate for the female bias in X gene expression. Three X-Y gene pairs, USP9x/y, Ube1x/y and Eif2s3x/y, appeared to be differentially regulated (expressed in brain in a different age- or tissue-dependent pattern), and hence may not be functionally equivalent. These sex differences in X-Y gene expression suggest several mechanisms by which these genes may participate in sex differences in brain development and function.