Temporal variability in sea lice population connectivity and implications for regional management protocols
Temporal variability in sea lice population connectivity and implications for regional management protocols
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DOI：
10.3354/aei00203
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Black, Kenneth D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adams, Thomas P.;Aleynik, Dmitry;Black, Kenneth D.
在现代大规模鲑鱼养殖中，在空间单元内管理场地。在苏格兰沃茨，使用了几种不同的定义：运营商定义的“农场管理区”（FMAs），监管机构定义的“疾病管理区”（DMAs）和“鱼类健康管理报告区”（FHMRA）。FMA平衡了许多业务要求，而DMA的唯一目的是限制疾病的传播。FHMRA基于历史野生鱼类监测区域。这些单位的目标之一是监测和限制传染性鲑鱼贫血等水媒物质和海虱等寄生虫的传播，这些物质构成长期的经济和生态挑战。然而，单元边界要么基于简化的水动力假设，要么不包含此类信息。因此，它们对感染控制的有效性尚不清楚。我们使用流体动力学模型的最新发展来预测1年（2013年6月至2014年6月）内苏格兰地区复杂西海岸所有当前运营的鲑鱼养殖场之间的海虱种群连通性。汇总网站连接矩阵的管理单位，我们确定了在何种程度上提供虱子的单位（或接收虱子）其他单位，其感染控制的有效性。总的估计连通性随时间变化的系数为2。观察到模拟幼虫的一般向北移动。即使是最小的管理单位也比单独管理的站点减少了约75%的外部感染。更大的管理单元进一步降低了估计的连通性。通过将阈值应用于现场矩阵而得出的优化单位表明，在50至100公里范围内的水体内进行管理将是最有效的。
In modern large-scale salmon aquaculture, sites are managed within spatial units. In Scottish waters, several different definitions are used: operator-defined 'Farm Management Areas' (FMAs), regulator-defined 'Disease Management Areas' (DMAs) and 'Fish Health Management Reporting areas' (FHMRAs). FMAs balance many operational requirements, while the sole purpose of DMAs is to limit the spread of disease. FHMRAs are based on historical wild fish monitoring areas. One objective of these units is to monitor and limit the spread of water-borne agents such as infectious salmon anaemia and parasites such as sea lice, which present a perennial economic and ecological challenge. However, unit boundaries are either based on simplified hydrodynamic assumptions, or do not incorporate such information. Their effectiveness for infection control is therefore unclear. We used the latest developments in hydrodynamic modelling to predict population connectivity of sea lice between all current operational salmon aquaculture sites in the complex west coast of Scotland region over 1 yr (June 2013 to June 2014). Aggregating site connectivity matrices by management units, we identified the extent to which units supplied lice to (or received lice from) other units, and their effectiveness for infection control. Total estimated connectivity varied over time by a factor of 2. A general northward movement of simulated larvae was observed. Even the smallest management units reduced external infection by around 75% versus individually managed sites. Larger management units reduced estimated connectivity further. Optimised units derived by applying thresholds to site matrices suggested that management within water bodies at the scale of 50 to 100 km would be most effective.