Seafloor bioalteration of sulfide minerals: Results from in situ incubation studies
Seafloor bioalteration of sulfide minerals: Results from in situ incubation studies
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DOI：
10.1016/s0016-7037(03)00089-9
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发表时间：
2003-08-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Buseck, PR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards, KJ;McCollom, TM;Buseck, PR
本文介绍了在海底热液喷口系统附近低温（约4 ℃）条件下进行的孵化研究结果。我们反应的Fe-，S-，Cu-，和Zn的含矿物质，包括黄铁矿，白铁矿，黄铜矿，闪锌矿，元素硫，和一个天然的烟囱硫化物结构的一部分，2个月在主奋进段的胡安德富卡海脊在太平洋。我们的研究利用荧光原位杂交（FISH），扫描和透射电子显微镜（SEM，TEM），和光学显微镜分析。这些矿物质的表面仅由细菌而不是细菌定殖。定殖密度变化超过一个数量级以下的顺序：元素硫>烟囱硫化物>白铁矿>黄铁矿>闪锌矿>黄铜矿，并符合这些材料的非生物氧化动力学，除了元素硫，这是最不活泼的氧化物种和最严重的殖民。定殖密度也对应于反应的表观程度（溶解点蚀+次生蚀变产物的积累）。含铁矿物上次生铁氧化物的大量积累，特别是在烟囱硫化物上，是矿物溶解和嗜酸性铁氧化细菌活动的结果。结果表明，矿物氧化细菌在海底硫化物矿床的风化过程中发挥着重要作用，微生物利用矿物基质有助于海底热液环境中的生物量生产。版权所有（C）2003 Elsevier Science Ltd.
We present results of incubation studies conducted at low temperatures (similar to4degreesC) in the vicinity of a seafloor hydrothermal vent system. We reacted Fe-, S-, Cu-, and Zn-bearing minerals including pyrite, marcasite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, elemental sulfur, and a portion of a natural chimney sulfide structure for 2 months at the Main Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the Pacific Ocean. Our study utilizes Fluorescent In Situ Hybridizations (FISH), Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (SEM, TEM), and light microscopic analysis. The surfaces of these minerals are solely colonized by Bacteria and not by Archaea. Colonization densities vary over an order of magnitude with the following sequence: elemental sulfur > chimney sulfide > marcasite > pyrite > sphalerite > chalcopyrite, and correspond well with the abiotic oxidation kinetics of these materials, excepting elemental sulfur, which is both the least reactive to oxidizing species and the most heavily colonized. Colonization densities also correspond with apparent degree of reaction (dissolution pitting + accumulation of secondary alteration products). Heavy accumulations of secondary Fe oxides on Fe-bearing minerals, most notably on the chimney sulfide, form in situ as the result of mineral dissolution and the activity of neutrophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria. Results suggest that mineral-oxidizing bacteria play a prominent role in weathering of seafloor sulfide deposits, and that microbial utilization of mineral substrates contributes to biomass production in seafloor hydrothermal environments. Copyright (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd.