On the Geological Structure of the Malvern Hills and adjacent Districts
On the Geological Structure of the Malvern Hills and adjacent Districts
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莫尔文丘陵及邻近地区的地质结构
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H. B. Holl
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作者：
H. B. Holl
一、简介。在英国协会最后一次会议（1863年）上宣读的一篇简短的通讯中，“关于马尔文山的地质学”，我表达了我的信念，迄今为止被视为正长岩并被认为形成山的轴线的岩石实际上是变质起源的，属于前寒武纪、阿生代或劳伦纪†。在那次通信中，我还暗示我应该在不久的将来提供进一步的细节；但由于不可避免的情况，该文件的完成被推迟了。与此同时，我已经能够澄清某些当时我并不完全满意的观点，并利用我的朋友、来自西莫林的 J. H. Timins 牧师最近对许多岩石的化学成分进行的研究，这些岩石与本回忆录的主题有关，正如我们将在续集中看到的那样。本次交流的目的如下：——（1）讨论莫尔文山结晶岩的结构和成因； (2) 给出紧邻的叠置古生界地层的检验结果； (3)努力显示地质历史中几个事件的时间顺序关系。二.变质岩。最好从山脉的南端开始描述，在那里可以看到比山脉北端更古老的沉积物沉积在变质岩上。 1.
I. Introduction. In a short communication which was read at the last meeting of the British Association (1863), “On the Geology of the Malvern Hills,” I expressed my belief that the rocks which had hitherto been treated of as syenite, and supposed to form the axis of the hills, were in reality of metamorphic origin, and belonged to the Pre-Cambrian, Azoic, or Laurentian age†. In that communication I also intimated that I should enter into further details at no distant date; but the completion of the paper has been delayed by circumstances which were unavoidable. In the meantime, I have been enabled to clear up certain points on which I was not then altogether satisfied, and to avail myself of some recent researches of my friend the Rev. J. H. Timins, of West Malling, into the chemical constitution of many of these rocks, which have a bearing upon the subject of this memoir, as will be seen in the sequel*. The objects of this communication are the following:—(1)to discuss the structure and origin of the crystalline rocks of the Malvern Hills; (2) to give the result of an examination of the super-imposed Palæozoic strata immediately adjacent; and (3) to endeavour to show the chronological relationship of the several events in their geological history. II. Metamorphic Rocks. It will be preferable to commence the description at the southern extremity of the hills, where older deposits are seen resting upon the metamorphic rocks than in the northern part of the chain. 1.