Fast dynamics and high effective dimensionality of liquid fluidity.

Fast dynamics and high effective dimensionality of liquid fluidity.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-023-41931-7
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发表时间:
2023-09-20
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
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--
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流动性,即液体流动的能力,是区分液体和固体的关键特性。这种流动性是由从一个准平衡点移动到下一个准平衡点的移动传递原子决定的。这种凌日运动的性质是未知的。在这里,我们展示了流动的过渡形成了一个动态不同的子系综,其中原子的平均运动速度比整个系统快,具有明显的非麦克斯韦速度分布。这与固体和气体形成对比,在固体和气体中,不能区分不同的系综,分布总是麦克斯韦式的。非麦克斯韦分布用一个与高维空间相对应的指数来描述。这通常类似于拓扑量子物质中的额外合成维度,尽管液体中的更高维度不是整数而是分数。熔化时维数接近4,高温时超过4。作为温度和压力在液体和超临界状态下的函数有一个最大值,在固体和气体状态下恢复到麦克斯韦值。
Fluidity, the ability of liquids to flow, is the key property distinguishing liquids from solids. This fluidity is set by the mobile transit atoms moving from one quasi-equilibrium point to the next. The nature of this transit motion is unknown. Here, we show that flow-enabling transits form a dynamically distinct sub-ensemble where atoms move on average faster than the overall system, with a manifestly non-Maxwellian velocity distribution. This is in contrast to solids and gases where no distinction of different ensembles can be made and where the distribution is always Maxwellian. The non-Maxwellian distribution is described by an exponent corresponding to high dimensionality of space. This is generally similar to extra synthetic dimensions in topological quantum matter, albeit higher dimensionality in liquids is not integer but is fractional. The dimensionality is close to 4 at melting and exceeds 4 at high temperature. has a maximum as a function of temperature and pressure in liquid and supercritical states, returning to its Maxwell value in the solid and gas states.
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