Aircraft and runway deicers at General Mitchell International Airport, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. 1. Biochemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen in receiving streams
Aircraft and runway deicers at General Mitchell International Airport, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. 1. Biochemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen in receiving streams
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DOI：
10.1002/etc.5620200709
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发表时间：
2001-07-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Hall, DW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Corsi, SR;Booth, NL;Hall, DW
世界上许多机场在寒冷天气期间都会使用飞机和跑道除冰器，以促进安全的航空旅行。已知丙二醇、乙二醇和尿素除冰剂具有非常高的生化需氧量。位于威斯康星州密尔沃基的米切尔将军国际机场 (GMIA)。美国收集了两个除冰季节的除冰剂应用、水化学和溶解氧 (DO) 数据，以便在实施乙二醇管理计划之前评估和定义管理前水质参数。在除冰剂受控释放期间使用流监测数据进行的计算提供了 0.8/d 的一阶衰减率常数的估计值。大大高于已公布的实验室测试结果。对于具有除冰活动的 8 次降水事件，飞机上使用的 2.4% 至 99% 的丙烯和乙二醇直接输送到接收流中。事件期间乙二醇径流的百分比随着暴雨流量的增加而增加。在机场下游测得乙二醇和生化需氧量浓度升高。然而，接收流中低溶解氧浓度的频率与上游参考地点的频率相当。这可能是由于低水温下细菌新陈代谢减慢、传播时间短以及下游支流的稀释所致。
Aircraft and runway deicers are used during cold weather at many of the world's airports to facilitate safe air travel. Propylene glycol-, ethylene glycol-, and urea-based deicers are known to have very high biochemical oxygen demand. At General Mitchell International Airport (GMIA) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. USA, deicer application, water chemistry, and dissolved oxygen (DO) data were collected for two deicing seasons in order to evaluate and define premanagement water quality parameters prior to the implementation of a glycol management program. Calculations using stream-monitoring data during a controlled release of deicer provided an estimate of 0.8/d for the first-order decay rate constant. substantially higher than published laboratory test results. For eight precipitation events with deicing activities, between 2.4 and 99% of propylene and ethylene glycol applied to aircraft was delivered directly to receiving streams. The percentage of glycol runoff during an event increased with increasing storm-flow volume. Elevated concentrations of glycol and biochemical oxygen demand were measured downstream from the airport. However, the frequency of low DO concentrations in the receiving streams is comparable with that at an upstream reference site. This is possibly due to slowed bacteria metabolism at low water temperatures, short travel times, and dilution from downstream tributaries.