Evaluating indicators of marsh vulnerability to sea level rise along a historical marsh loss gradient
Evaluating indicators of marsh vulnerability to sea level rise along a historical marsh loss gradient
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沿着历史沼泽损失梯度评估沼泽对海平面上升的脆弱性指标
DOI：
10.1002/esp.4869
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Temmerman, Stijn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schepers, Lennert;Kirwan, Matthew L.;Guntenspergen, Glenn R.;Temmerman, Stijn
海平面上升（SLR）正在威胁沿海沼泽，导致几个微潮汐系统的大规模沼泽消失。在这些系统中，尽早识别沼泽对 SLR 的脆弱性至关重要，有助于管理者采取适当的恢复或缓解措施。然而，目前尚不清楚当前的沼泽脆弱性指标是否正确评估了沼泽系统的长期稳定性。在这项研究中，研究了沼泽压力的两个指标：（i）沼泽海拔分布的偏度，以及（ii）混合物中共显性物种的丰度。我们结合了高精度高程测量（GPS）、激光雷达图像、植被调查和水位测量来研究有机微潮汐系统（美国马里兰州黑水河）中的这些指标，该系统历史上从沼泽到浅水池塘的大规模转变导致沼泽损失梯度增加。这两个指标显示，沿着沼泽损失梯度，沼泽的压力越来越大，但表明沼泽损失最大的田地似乎承受的压力较小。对于后一个地点，先前的研究表明，内部沼泽池塘产生的风波会导致周围沼泽边缘的侧向侵蚀，从而导致沼泽损失。被侵蚀的沼泽沉积物可能会暂时为剩余的沼泽提供必要的沉积物，以跟上相对的 SLR。然而，这只是短期的缓解，因为从长远来看，沼泽边缘的横向侵蚀和沉积物的输出会导致严重的沼泽损失。我们的研究结果表明，沼泽高程偏度和混合物中共显性物种的丰度可用于补充现有的沼泽压力指标，但应包括额外的指标，例如获取长度和沉积物预算，以考虑沼泽侧向侵蚀和沉积物输出，并正确评估微潮汐沼泽的长期稳定性。 © 2020 约翰威利父子公司。
Sea level rise (SLR) is threatening coastal marshes, leading to large‐scale marsh loss in several micro‐tidal systems. Early recognition of marsh vulnerability to SLR is critical in these systems to aid managers to take appropriate restoration or mitigation measures. However, it is not clear if current marsh vulnerability indicators correctly assess long‐term stability of the marsh system. In this study, two indicators of marsh stress were studied: (i) the skewness of the marsh elevation distribution, and (ii) the abundance of codominant species in mixtures. We combined high‐precision elevation measurements (GPS), LiDAR imagery, vegetation surveys and water level measurements to study these indicators in an organogenic micro‐tidal system (Blackwater River, Maryland, USA), where large‐scale historical conversion from marshes to shallow ponds resulted in a gradient of increasing marsh loss. The two indicators reveal increasingly stressed marshes along the marsh loss gradient, but suggest that the field site with the most marsh loss seems to experience less stress. For the latter site, previous research indicates that wind waves generated on interior marsh ponds contribute to lateral erosion of surrounding marsh edges and hence marsh loss. The eroded marsh sediment might temporarily provide the remaining marshes with the necessary sediment to keep up with relative SLR. However, this is only a short‐term alleviation, as lateral marsh edge erosion and sediment export lead to severe marsh loss in the long term. Our findings indicate that marsh elevation skewness and the abundance of codominant species in mixtures can be used to supplement existing marsh stress indicators, but that additional indices such as fetch length and the sediment budget should be included to account for lateral marsh erosion and sediment export and to correctly assess long‐term stability of micro‐tidal marshes. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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