A METHOD OF REFLEXIVE BALANCING IN A PRAGMATIC, INTERDISCIPLINARY AND REFLEXIVE BIOETHICS
A METHOD OF REFLEXIVE BALANCING IN A PRAGMATIC, INTERDISCIPLINARY AND REFLEXIVE BIOETHICS
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DOI：
10.1111/bioe.12018
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Ives, Jonathan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ives, Jonathan
近年来，有大量的文献认为，需要经验和跨学科的方法来生物伦理学，基于这样的前提，即经验知情的伦理分析更接地，上下文敏感，因此更相关的临床实践比抽象的“哲学分析。生物伦理（可以说）一直是一个跨学科的领域，经验（生物）伦理学的兴起不需要被视为试图给跨学科合作的长期实践一个新的名字，但也许最好理解为一种实质性的尝试，试图参与跨学科的性质，并阐明许多不同学科之间的关系（其中一些是经验性的），有助于该领域。它也可以被描述为一种努力，解释如何整合不同的学科方法，以有效地回答生物伦理学中的规范性问题，这一努力的根本是需要思考如何能够阐明一种强大的方法，成功地将明显不同的认识论和元伦理观点与方法结合起来。本文提出了反思生命伦理学（RB）作为一种跨学科的经验生命伦理学方法，它采用了反思平衡（RBL）的方法。RBL是为了回应对各种形式的反思平衡的批评而发展起来的，它建立在生物伦理学和准道德基础主义的务实特征之上，这使得RBL能够避免与RE相关的一些困难，但保留了灵活的平等主义，使其直观地吸引了许多人。
In recent years there has been a wealth of literature arguing the need for empirical and interdisciplinary approaches to bioethics, based on the premise that an empirically informed ethical analysis is more grounded, contextually sensitive and therefore more relevant to clinical practice than an abstract' philosophical analysis. Bioethics has (arguably) always been an interdisciplinary field, and the rise of empirical' (bio)ethics need not be seen as an attempt to give a new name to the longstanding practice of interdisciplinary collaboration, but can perhaps best be understood as a substantive attempt to engage with the nature of that interdisciplinarity and to articulate the relationship between the many different disciplines (some of them empirical) that contribute to the field. It can also be described as an endeavour to explain how different disciplinary approaches can be integrated to effectively answer normative questions in bioethics, and fundamental to that endeavour is the need to think about how a robust methodology can be articulated that successfully marries apparently divergent epistemological and metaethical perspectives with method. This paper proposes Reflexive Bioethics' (RB) as a methodology for interdisciplinary and empirical bioethics, which utilizes a method of Reflexive Balancing' (RBL). RBL has been developed in response to criticisms of various forms of reflective equilibrium, and is built upon a pragmatic characterization of Bioethics and a quasi-moral foundationalism', which allows RBL to avoid some of the difficulties associated with RE and yet retain the flexible egalitarianism that makes it intuitively appealing to many.