A Hetero-Functional Graph Resilience Analysis of the Future American Electric Power System
A Hetero-Functional Graph Resilience Analysis of the Future American Electric Power System
复制标题
未来美国电力系统的异质函数图弹性分析
DOI：
10.1109/access.2021.3077856
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Dakota J. Thompson;W. Schoonenberg;A. Farid
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dakota J. Thompson;W. Schoonenberg;A. Farid
随着气候变化在21世纪站稳脚跟，它推动了美国电力系统使用可再生能源进行脱碳。人们在技术上达成了广泛的共识，即这些可再生能源不能单独整合，而是需要对电网的架构进行一系列深刻的改变；包括网状配电线路和储能解决方案。出现的一个问题是，当气候变化和极端天气现象变得更加普遍时，脱碳所需的这三类缓解措施是否也将作为适应措施。因此，本文提出了美国电力系统的结构弹性分析，在未来逐步纳入这些架构变化。在初步研究的基础上，这项分析借鉴了一种新兴的基于系统能力互联性的异质功能图论。异功能图分析从累积度分布和传统攻击脆弱性度量两个方面证实了我们在网络科学中对图的形式化理解。这篇论文进一步表明，相对于形式图，异功能图更准确地描述了随着电网向脱碳体系结构的演变，与分布式发电和能量存储的添加相关的功能变化。最后，它表明，添加所有三种类型的缓解措施增强了电网的结构弹性；即使在存在破坏性、随机和有针对性的攻击的情况下也是如此。论文的结论是，在电网可持续性和弹性增强之间没有结构性的权衡，这些战略目标可以同时实现。
As climate change takes hold in the $21^{st}$ century, it places an impetus to decarbonize the American Electric Power System with renewable energy resources. There is a broad technical consensus that these renewable energy resources cannot be integrated alone but rather require a host of profound changes in the electric grid’s architecture; including meshed distribution lines, and energy storage solutions. One question that arises is whether these three types of mitigation measures required by decarbonization will also serve as adaptation measures when the climate changes and extreme weather phenomena become more prevalent. Consequently, this paper presents a structural resilience analysis of the American electric power system that incrementally incorporates these architectural changes in the future. Building upon a preliminary study, the analysis draws on an emerging hetero-functional graph theory based upon the inter-connectedness of a system’s capabilities. The hetero-functional graph analysis confirms our formal graph understandings from network science in terms of cumulative degree distributions and traditional attack vulnerability measures. The paper goes on to show that hetero-functional graphs relative to formal graphs more precisely describe the changes in functionality associated with the addition of distributed generation and energy storage as the grid evolves to a decarbonized architecture. Finally, it demonstrates that the addition of all three types of mitigation measures enhance the grid’s structural resilience; even in the presence of disruptive random and targeted attacks. The paper concludes that there is no structural trade-off between grid sustainability and resilience enhancements and that these strategic goals can be pursued simultaneously.