Lagged effects of early-season herbivores on valley oak fecundity
Lagged effects of early-season herbivores on valley oak fecundity
复制标题
早季食草动物对山谷橡树繁殖力的滞后影响
作者：
I. Pearse;Kyle A. Funk;T. Kraft;W. Koenig
叶和叶物候之间的季节匹配影响乔木叶种群的年度成功，因为许多叶食植物利用发育中的叶，而叶是一种短暂的资源。食叶者利用早季树叶的一种策略是预测它们的出现。这种行为对树木的后果是，较早落叶的个体可能会经历更大的叶片损害率，从而产生潜在的负面适合度后果。为了验证这一假设，我们调查了一个山谷橡树(Quercus Lobata)种群在3年时间里的早期物候、昆虫叶片损害和橡子产量。我们发现，早落叶的树比晚落叶的树遭受更大的叶片损害率。此外，我们观察到叶片损伤对橡子产量的滞后影响，叶片损伤较大的树在第二年的橡子产量较少。这些结果表明，较早的叶片物候具有潜在的负面适合性后果。我们的研究表明，叶柄压力可能是影响橡树最佳落叶时间的因素之一。
The seasonal match between folivore and leaf phenology affects the annual success of arboreal folivore populations because many folivores exploit developing leaves, which are an ephemeral resource. One strategy for folivores to exploit early-season leaves is to anticipate their emergence. The consequence of this behavior for trees is that individuals that set leaves earlier may experience greater rates of folivore damage, with potential negative fitness consequences. To test this hypothesis, we surveyed the early-season phenology, insect folivore damage, and acorn crop of a population of valley oaks (Quercus lobata) over a 3-year period. We found that trees that set leaves earlier experienced greater rates of folivore damage than trees that set leaves later in the season. In addition, we observed a lagged effect of folivore damage on acorn production, whereby trees with greater leaf damage produced fewer acorns in the subsequent year. These results indicate potential negative fitness consequences of earlier leaf phenology. Our study suggests that folivore pressure may be one factor that affects the optimal timing of leaf set in oaks.
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Nakagawa, Shinichi;Schielzeth, Holger
通讯作者：
Schielzeth, Holger