Topographical Mapping of the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Microbiome Reveals a Diverse Bacterial Community with Antifungal Properties in the Skin
Topographical Mapping of the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Microbiome Reveals a Diverse Bacterial Community with Antifungal Properties in the Skin
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.01826-15
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Salinas, Irene
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lowrey, Liam;Woodhams, Douglas C.;Salinas, Irene
野生和养殖水生脊椎动物的粘膜表面面临许多水生病原体的威胁，包括真菌。这些表面被不同的共生细菌群落定植，可能有助于对抗感染。虽然使用焦磷酸测序已经广泛研究了硬骨鱼的肠道微生物组，但该工具很少用于研究存在于其他硬骨鱼粘膜表面的细菌群落组成。在这里，我们提供了一种水生脊椎动物，虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss）的粘膜微生物组的地形图。利用16S rRNA焦磷酸测序技术，研究人员在五个取样的体位中发现了新的细菌多样性，并表明体位是群落组成的一个强有力的预测因子。皮肤表现出最高的多样性，其次是嗅觉器官、鳃和肠道。fleectobacillus在皮肤和鳃群落中有很高的代表性。主坐标分析和绘图显示，除了内部站点外，外部站点呈聚类。共聚焦显微镜和焦磷酸测序显示，上皮内存在高度多样化的群落。通过体外实验，我们证明了两种关节杆菌（Arthrobacter sp.）皮肤分离株、一种冻干杆菌（Psychrobacter sp.）菌株和一种复合皮肤需氧细菌样本可以抑制两种重要的水生真菌病原体——南方腐殖菌（Saprolegnia australis）和毛霉（Mucor hiemalis）的生长。这些结果强调了鱼类共生细菌群落的重要性及其在水生真菌疾病控制中的潜在作用。
The mucosal surfaces of wild and farmed aquatic vertebrates face the threat of many aquatic pathogens, including fungi. These surfaces are colonized by diverse symbiotic bacterial communities that may contribute to fight infection. Whereas the gut microbiome of teleosts has been extensively studied using pyrosequencing, this tool has rarely been employed to study the compositions of the bacterial communities present on other teleost mucosal surfaces. Here we provide a topographical map of the mucosal microbiome of an aquatic vertebrate, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing, we revealed novel bacterial diversity at each of the five body sites sampled and showed that body site is a strong predictor of community composition. The skin exhibited the highest diversity, followed by the olfactory organ, gills, and gut. Flectobacillus was highly represented within skin and gill communities. Principal coordinate analysis and plots revealed clustering of external sites apart from internal sites. A highly diverse community was present within the epithelium, as demonstrated by confocal microscopy and pyrosequencing. Using in vitro assays, we demonstrated that two Arthrobacter sp. skin isolates, a Psychrobacter sp. strain, and a combined skin aerobic bacterial sample inhibit the growth of Saprolegnia australis and Mucor hiemalis, two important aquatic fungal pathogens. These results underscore the importance of symbiotic bacterial communities of fish and their potential role for the control of aquatic fungal diseases.