Mapping the biodiversity of tropical insects: species richness and inventory completeness of African sphingid moths
Mapping the biodiversity of tropical insects: species richness and inventory completeness of African sphingid moths
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DOI：
10.1111/geb.12039
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Beck, Jan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ballesteros-Mejia, Liliana;Kitching, Ian J.;Beck, Jan
许多分类群，特别是无脊椎动物，在地理学上仍然高度不足，甚至基线评估也缺失，主要原因是过于有限和异质的采样。在这里，我们着手评估人类地理和相关的环境因素背后的库存完整的非洲天蛾。我们的目标是从那些影响物种丰富度梯度的差异采样的原因分离，以说明一个潜在的一般途径，为推进知识的多样性在未充分研究的群体。位置撒哈拉以南非洲。方法利用天蛾的分布记录数据库，计算稀疏曲线，并估计200 km × 200 km网格单元的总物种丰富度。我们拟合多变量模型来确定物种丰富度的环境预测因子，并使用环境协同克里格来绘制区域范围的多样性模式。我们估计细胞范围内的库存完整性从观察和估计的数据，并将这些与人类地理因素。结果观察到的天蛾物种丰富度的格局在很大程度上取决于网格单元中可用记录的数量。两者都表现出空间结构分布。描述植被类型的变量，出现作为估计的总丰富度的重要预测因子，捕获热量，能量可用性和地形异质性的变量都表现出很强的正相关关系。内插丰富度的模式确定了三个多样性中心：喀麦隆沿海山区，以及北方和东非南部山区。人口密度、可达性、保护区和殖民历史对清单完整性有积极影响。在刚果盆地西部和坦桑尼亚/莫桑比克南部，物种丰富度仍然记录不足。主要结论采样工作是高度偏见和控制它在大规模的汇编存在的数据是至关重要的推论，从我们仍然有限的知识无脊椎动物的分布。我们的研究表明，在未充分研究的类群的大规模多样性模式的估计基线，可以来自结合数值估计的丰富度，模型的主要环境影响和空间插值。清单的完整性可以部分预测从人类地理特征和这样的模型可以提供富有成效的指导，优先考虑未来的采样，以进一步完善和验证物种丰富度的估计模式。
Aim Many taxa, especially invertebrates, remain biogeographically highly understudied and even baseline assessments are missing, with too limited and heterogeneous sampling being key reasons. Here we set out to assess the human geographic and associated environmental factors behind inventory completeness for the hawkmoths of Africa. We aim to separate the causes of differential sampling from those affecting gradients of species richness to illustrate a potential general avenue for advancing knowledge about diversity in understudied groups. Location Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Using a database of distributional records of hawkmoths, we computed rarefaction curves and estimated total species richness across 200km x 200km grid cells. We fitted multivariate models to identify environmental predictors of species richness and used environmental co-kriging to map region-wide diversity patterns. We estimated cell-wide inventory completeness from observed and estimated data, and related these to human geographic factors. Results Observed patterns of hawkmoths species richness are strongly determined by the number of available records in grid cells. Both show spatially structured distributions. Variables describing vegetation type, emerge as important predictors of estimated total richness, and variables capturing heat, energy availability and topographic heterogeneity all show a strong positive relationship. Patterns of interpolated richness identify three centres of diversity: Cameroon coastal mountains, and the northern and southern East African montane areas. Inventory completeness is positively influenced by population density, accessibility, protected areas and colonial history. Species richness is still under-recorded in the western Congo Basin and southern Tanzania/Mozambique. Main conclusions Sampling effort is highly biased and controlling for it in large-scale compilations of presence-only data is critical for drawing inferences from our still limited knowledge of invertebrate distributions. Our study shows that a baseline of estimate of broad-scale diversity patterns in understudied taxa can be derived from combining numerical estimators of richness, models of main environmental effects and spatial interpolation. Inventory completeness can be partly predicted from human geographic features and such models may offer fruitful guidance for prioritization of future sampling to further refine and validate estimated patterns of species richness.