How can biochemical reactions within cells differ from those in test tubes?
How can biochemical reactions within cells differ from those in test tubes?
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DOI：
10.1242/jcs.03063
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发表时间：
2006-07-15
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Minton, Allen P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Minton, Allen P.
个体大分子与其周围环境之间的非特异性相互作用（“背景相互作用”）在像活细胞内部这样的异质性和高体积占用的介质中，可以极大地影响它们参与的反应的平衡和速率。背景相互作用可能是排斥性的，导致优先的大小和形状依赖于高度体积占用的体积元素的排斥，或者是吸引性的，导致非特异性的关联或吸附。与细胞内部不同成分的非特异性相互作用导致三类现象：大分子拥挤、限制和吸附。理论和实验已经证实，主要的排斥背景相互作用倾向于提高溶液中大分子结合的速率和程度，而主要的吸引背景相互作用倾向于提高大分子在吸附表面上的结合趋势。在模拟和实际的细胞内环境中观察到大于数量级的关联率和平衡常数可归因于背景相互作用。
Nonspecific interactions between individual macromolecules and their immediate surroundings ('background interactions') within a medium as heterogeneous and highly volume occupied as the interior of a living cell can greatly influence the equilibria and rates of reactions in which they participate. Background interactions may be either repulsive, leading to preferential size-and-shape-dependent exclusion from highly volume-occupied elements of volume, or attractive, leading to nonspecific associations or adsorption. Nonspecific interactions with different constituents of the cellular interior lead to three classes of phenomena: macromolecular crowding, confinement and adsorption. Theory and experiment have established that predominantly repulsive background interactions tend to enhance the rate and extent of macromolecular associations in solution, whereas predominately attractive background interactions tend to enhance the tendency of macromolecules to associate on adsorbing surfaces. Greater than order-of-magnitude increases in association rate and equilibrium constants attributable to background interactions have been observed in simulated and actual intracellular environments.