Physical exercise and the prevention of atherosclerosis and cholesterol gall stones
Physical exercise and the prevention of atherosclerosis and cholesterol gall stones
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体育锻炼与预防动脉粥样硬化和胆固醇胆结石
DOI：
10.1136/pgmj.54.630.270
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发表时间：
1978
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
V. Simko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Simko
在人类和实验动物身上有越来越多的证据表明，即使是轻微的运动，如果经常重复，也可能改变脂质的代谢。据报道，运动可以降低红细胞、工作肌肉、肺和肝脏中的外周组织胆固醇。在体力活动期间，胆固醇和胆汁酸进入胆汁的输出增加。这可能会导致更高的粪便损失的固醇，这可能会导致较低的胆固醇水平在外周组织和胆汁中，当运动是经常重复。运动过程中脂肪组织中不饱和脂肪酸的优先释放和亚油酸依赖性LCAT酶（转运血浆胆固醇）可能是运动这种效应的部分原因。回顾的实验数据提供了支持性的基础，流行病学研究报告的有益影响，定期运动。体力活动是所有动物物种繁殖的重要因素，仅次于食物摄入和繁殖。所有人口群体都可以随时进行锻炼。有很好的证据表明，对于时间紧迫和年龄较大的人来说，保护效果所需的运动量很容易获得。每天重复几次短时间的活动可能比长时间的力竭运动同样有益或更有益。只要在严格的医疗监督下进行，改良运动对冠心病患者和老年患者也有好处。要想有效，体育锻炼应该是有规律的，并且终生持续。
There is accumulating evidence in man and experimental animals that even mild exercise, if regularly repeated, may alter the metabolism of lipids. Exercise has been reported as decreasing peripheral tissue cholesterol in red blood cells, working muscle, lungs and the liver. During physical activity, the output of cholesterol and bile acids into the bile increases. This probably leads to higher faecal losses of sterols which may lead to lower cholesterol levels in the peripheral tissues and in the bile, when exercise is repeated regularly. Preferential release of unsaturated fatty acids from the adipose tissue during exercise and the linoleic acid-dependent LCAT enzyme (transporting plasma cholesterol) may be partly responsible for this effect of exercise. The experimental data reviewed provide supportive basis for epidemiological studies reporting on the beneficial effect of regular exercise. Physical activity is an important factor in the phylogeny of all animal species, secondary only to food intake and reproduction. Exercise is readily available to all population groups. There is good evidence that the amount of exercise required for a protective effect is easily accessible for time-pressured and older individuals. Short bursts of activity repeated several times a day may be equally or more beneficial than prolonged exhaustive exercise. Modified exercise is also beneficial for patients with coronary heart disease and for elderly patients, provided this is done under strict medical supervision. To be effective, physical exercise should be regular and continuous throughout life.