The ecotoxicological consequences of microplastics and co-contaminants in aquatic organisms: a mini-review.
The ecotoxicological consequences of microplastics and co-contaminants in aquatic organisms: a mini-review.
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水生生物中微塑料和联合体的生态毒理学后果：微型审查。
DOI：
10.1042/etls20220014
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发表时间：
2022-12-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
微塑料（MP，尺寸<5 mm）是一个严重的环境问题。 它们是一种无处不在的持久性污染物，已经渗透到环境的各个部分----从最高的山顶到海洋深处。在生产过程中，塑料以增塑剂、着色剂、填料和稳定剂的形式添加了许多化学物质，其中一些已知对生物群具有毒性。当释放到环境中时，MP也可能遇到化学污染物，包括疏水性有机污染物，微量金属和药物，这些污染物可以吸附到塑料表面。此外，MP已被证明被广泛的生物体摄入，并且正是这种摄入和化学缔合的组合赋予了MP可能影响内源性和外源性共污染物的生物利用度和毒性的概念权重。在这篇小型综述中，我们将最近的文献设置在以前发表的关于MP作为生物区系的化学载体的文献中，特别关注水生无脊椎动物和鱼类。然后，我们提出了一个关键的观点，在这方面的实验室到现场外推的有效性。最后，我们强调了不断扩大的“微塑料宇宙”，以及最近受到关注的人为颗粒，即轮胎磨损颗粒，纳米塑料和生物基或可生物降解的MP，并强调了未来研究其作为共污染物转移载体的潜在作用的必要性。
Microplastics (MPs, <5 mm in size) are a grave environmental concern. They are a ubiquitous persistent pollutant group that has reached into all parts of the environment — from the highest mountain tops to the depths of the ocean. During their production, plastics have added to them numerous chemicals in the form of plasticizers, colorants, fillers and stabilizers, some of which have known toxicity to biota. When released into the environments, MPs are also likely to encounter chemical contaminants, including hydrophobic organic contaminants, trace metals and pharmaceuticals, which can sorb to plastic surfaces. Additionally, MPs have been shown to be ingested by a wide range of organisms and it is this combination of ingestion and chemical association that gives weight to the notion that MPs may impact the bioavailability and toxicity of both endogenous and exogenous co-contaminants. In this mini-review, we set the recent literature within what has been previously published about MPs as chemical carriers to biota, with particular focus on aquatic invertebrates and fish. We then present a critical viewpoint on the validity of laboratory-to-field extrapolations in this area. Lastly, we highlight the expanding ‘microplastic universe’ with the addition of anthropogenic particles that have gained recent attention, namely, tire wear particles, nanoplastics and, bio-based or biodegradable MPs, and highlight the need for future research in their potential roles as vehicles of co-contaminant transfer.