GENDER STEREOTYPES - PERCEPTION OR RATIONALIZATION
GENDER STEREOTYPES - PERCEPTION OR RATIONALIZATION
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.58.2.197
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发表时间：
1990-02-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
HURST, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HOFFMAN, C;HURST, N
有人认为，性别陈规定型观念的出现是为了使两性在社会角色中的分配合理化。学生阅读两个虚构类别的成员的描述，一个有80%的“城市工人”和20%的“儿童抚养者”，另一个的百分比颠倒。之后，他们对每个类别和每个角色所属的类别子组进行了性格评级。学生形成了基于角色的类别刻板印象，影响他们的评级，即使目标的角色是指定的。当类别被生物学定义或当学生试图解释类别与角色的相关性时，就会出现更强的刻板印象。使用与熟悉的人类群体没有差异联系的角色来复制基本效果。研究结果被解释为表明，刻板印象可以出现完全是为了应对性别分工，并通过归因于性别内在的个性差异来合理化这种分工。
It is proposed that gender stereotypes arise to rationalize the distribution of the sexes into social roles. Ss read descriptions of members of two fictional categories, one having 80%“city workers” and 20%“child raisers,” the other with the percentages reversed. They later made personality ratings of each category and of the category subgroups occupying each role. Ss formed role-based category stereotypes that affected their ratings even when targets' roles were specified. Stronger stereotypes arose when the categories were biologically defined or when Ss attempted to explain the category–role correlation. The basic effect was replicated using roles that are not differentially linked to familiar human groups. The findings are interpreted as showing that stereotypes can arise solely in response to a sexual division of labor and serve to rationalize this division by attributing to the sexes intrinsic personality differences.