Primer - The neural control of looking
Primer - The neural control of looking
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DOI：
10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00430-9
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发表时间：
2000-04-20
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Carpenter, RHS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carpenter, RHS
扫视是我们看物体时的眼球运动。除了持续时间略高于20毫秒的极快速度外，它们也是我们最频繁的动作，比心跳更常见：在我们清醒的生活中，我们每秒都会进行两到三次扫视。扫视决定了我们所看到的，所以它们的重要性几乎不能被夸大。产生扫视的神经系统也有特别的兴趣。因为它相对简单，输入可以很容易地被操纵，输出我们可以精确地测量，所以我们对特定神经结构如何处理视觉信号的知识比大脑的任何其他可比部分都更加定量和准确。此外，它是一个实际做某事的系统，一个既有输出又有输入的系统--一个大脑本身的缩影。像大脑一样，这个系统有一个自然的功能层次，反映在它的结构中。层次结构从最低层次的个体肌肉产生的力量的局部控制，通过定位物体并向其引导运动的机制，延伸到最高层次，在最高层次上做出移动或不移动的决定。
Saccades are the eye movements we make to look at objects. Apart from being astonishingly fast, often lasting little more than 20 milliseconds, they also happen to be the single most frequent movement we make, much commoner than heartbeats: we make two or three saccades every second of our waking lives. Saccades determine what we see, so their importance can hardly be exaggerated. The neural system that generates saccades has a particular interest as well. Because it is relatively simple, with inputs that can easily be manipulated and outputs we can measure with precision, our knowledge about how oculomotor signals are processed by specific neural structures is more quantitative and exact than for any other comparable part of the brain. In addition, it is a system that actually does something, a system with an output as well as an input—a microcosm of the brain itself. Like the brain, this system has a natural functional hierarchy that is reflected in its structure. The hierarchy extends from local control of the forces generated by individual muscles at the lowest levels, through the mechanisms for locating objects and directing movements towards them, to the highest level, at which decisions are made to move or not to move.