Detection of viruses in used ventilation filters from two large public buildings
Detection of viruses in used ventilation filters from two large public buildings
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ajic.2010.10.036
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Raynor, Peter C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goyal, Sagar M.;Anantharaman, Senthilvelan;Raynor, Peter C.
背景：病毒和细菌病原体可能存在于被感染的个人和动物释放后的空气中。过滤器安装在建筑物的供暖、通风和空调（HVAC）系统中，以保护通风设备并保持健康的室内空气质量。这些过滤器处理大量空气。本研究进行了确定采样使用通风过滤器的效用，以评估存在于buildings.Methods：从2个大型公共建筑在明尼阿波利斯和西雅图的HVAC过滤器的类型和浓度的病毒气溶胶进行采样，以确定是否存在人类呼吸道病毒和病毒与生物恐怖主义的潜力。从每个建筑物中选择4个空气处理装置，并对总共64个预过滤器和最终过滤器进行甲型流感病毒、B流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、冠状病毒、副流感病毒1-3型、腺病毒、正痘病毒、肠病毒、埃博拉病毒、马尔堡病毒、拉沙热病毒、马丘波病毒、东部马脑炎病毒、西部马脑炎病毒和委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒的检测。每个过滤器的代表件被切割和洗脱与缓冲solution.Results：尝试进行了检测病毒的接种这些洗脱液在细胞培养物（Vero，MDCK，和RK-13）和特定的病原体的鸡胚蛋。细胞培养物或这些卵中的两次传代洗脱液未显示存在任何活病毒。还通过聚合酶链反应或逆转录聚合酶链反应检查洗脱液，以分别检测病毒DNA或RNA的存在。64个过滤器中有9个过滤器检测甲型流感病毒阳性，2个过滤器检测B流感病毒阳性，1个过滤器检测副流感病毒1型阳性。作为综合性的长期生物气溶胶采样装置，它们可以产生关于空气中病毒的流行病学和空气生物学的宝贵信息，这些信息可以为制定防止病毒通过空气传播的方法和可能遏制生物恐怖主义制剂传播的方法提供信息。
Background: Viral and bacterial pathogens may be present in the air after being released from infected individuals and animals. Filters are installed in the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems of buildings to protect ventilation equipment and maintain healthy indoor air quality. These filters process enormous volumes of air. This study was undertaken to determine the utility of sampling used ventilation filters to assess the types and concentrations of virus aerosols present in buildings.Methods: The HVAC filters from 2 large public buildings in Minneapolis and Seattle were sampled to determine the presence of human respiratory viruses and viruses with bioterrorism potential. Four air-handling units were selected from each building, and a total of 64 prefilters and final filters were tested for the presence of influenza A, influenza B, respiratory syncytial, corona, parainfluenza 1-3, adeno, orthopox, entero, Ebola, Marburg, Lassa fever, Machupo, eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses. Representative pieces of each filter were cut and eluted with a buffer solution.Results: Attempts were made to detect viruses by inoculation of these eluates in cell cultures (Vero, MDCK, and RK-13) and specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs. Two passages of eluates in cell cultures or these eggs did not reveal the presence of any live virus. The eluates were also examined by polymerase chain reaction or reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence of viral DNA or RNA, respectively. Nine of the 64 filters tested were positive for influenza A virus, 2 filters were positive for influenza B virus, and 1 filter was positive for parainfluenza virus 1.Conclusion: These findings indicate that existing building HVAC filters may be used as a method of detection for airborne viruses. As integrated long-term bioaerosol sampling devices, they may yield valuable information on the epidemiology and aerobiology of viruses in air that can inform the development of methods to prevent airborne transmission of viruses and possible deterrents against the spread of bioterrorism agents.