Selfish genetic elements and the gene's-eye view of evolution.

Selfish genetic elements and the gene's-eye view of evolution.
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DOI:
10.1093/cz/zow102
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发表时间:
2016-12
期刊:
影响因子:
2.2
通讯作者:
Ågren JA
Ågren JA
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ågren JA

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在过去的几十年里,我们已经看到了关于自私遗传元素的生物学细节的爆炸式涌入。从该领域的早期开始,理查德·道金斯(Richard Dawkins)、乔治威廉姆斯(Williams)和其他人的基因视角就一直是解释新的经验观察和产生新假说的工具。然而,自私的遗传因素和基因的观点之间的密切联系并不是没有批评和其他几个概念框架已经提出。特别是,多层次选择模型的支持者使用自私的遗传因素来批评基因的观点。在本文中,我首先追溯了自私的遗传因素和基因的眼睛的观点的研究交织在一起的历史,然后讨论如何与其他提出的框架相比,他们的协会举行。接下来,使用转座因子和主要转变的例子,我认为,不同的模型突出了自私的遗传因子的进化的不同方面,而富有成效的前进道路是保持多元化的观点。最后,我将讨论如何自私的遗传因素的实证研究有影响的其他概念问题与基因的眼睛的观点,如代理思维,适应,和健身最大化模型在进化中的作用。
During the last few decades, we have seen an explosion in the influx of details about the biology of selfish genetic elements. Ever since the early days of the field, the gene’s-eye view of Richard Dawkins, George Williams, and others, has been instrumental to make sense of new empirical observations and to the generation of new hypotheses. However, the close association between selfish genetic elements and the gene’s-eye view has not been without critics and several other conceptual frameworks have been suggested. In particular, proponents of multilevel selection models have used selfish genetic elements to criticize the gene’s-eye view. In this paper, I first trace the intertwined histories of the study of selfish genetic elements and the gene’s-eye view and then discuss how their association holds up when compared with other proposed frameworks. Next, using examples from transposable elements and the major transitions, I argue that different models highlight separate aspects of the evolution of selfish genetic elements and that the productive way forward is to maintain a plurality of perspectives. Finally, I discuss how the empirical study of selfish genetic elements has implications for other conceptual issues associated with the gene’s-eye view, such as agential thinking, adaptationism, and the role of fitness maximizing models in evolution.
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