States and chiefs: are chiefs mere puppets?
States and chiefs: are chiefs mere puppets?
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国家和酋长：酋长只是傀儡吗？
DOI：
10.1080/07329113.1996.10756474
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Nieuwaal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Nieuwaal
非洲的国家形成过程有多种形式。这对后殖民国家和殖民统治之前的旧非洲国家都是如此(Claessen and Geschiere 1984：298)。在非洲，一个国家可以采取哪些截然不同的形式正变得越来越明显。1这就是为什么在一党制失败和马克思列宁主义意识形态崩溃之后，1989年至1991年间开始的民主化进程的结果对非洲公民以及许多研究人员来说都是非常重要的--尽管必须指出，社会和政治福利对前者来说是危险的，而后者并非如此。无论这些进程的结果如何，很明显，非洲国家同任何其他国家一样，2不是由固定的原则塑造的。恰恰相反，在许多其他国家中，加纳一直只是一个例子：在独立的近40年中，加纳有八个不同的政府，这个国家几乎看到了所有形式的宪法。最初，加纳是一个君主立宪制国家，有很短的一段时间，它延续了共和政府的形式，这个国家有几个总统政府和一些军事政权。议会民主在这里已经运行了一段时间，已经有几个关于没有政党的民主的提议。
Processes of state formation in Africa have taken various forms. This is true just as much for the post-colonial states as for the old African states that date from before colonial domination (Claessen and Geschiere 1984: 298). In Africa it is becoming clear what widely different forms a state can take. 1 This is why the results of the processes of democratization that were started in the years between 1989 and 1991, following the failure of the one-party system and the downfall of the marxist-leninist ideology, must be of great importance to the African citizen as well as to many researchers-although it must be noted that social and political welfare are at stake for the first, which is not the case for the latter. Whatever the outcome of these processes may be, it is clear that the African state, 2 just like any other state, is not shaped by a static principle. It is, on the contrary, constantly1 Just an example, among many others: During almost forty years of independence Ghana has had eight different governments and the country has seen almost all forms of constitution. Initially Ghana was a constitutional monarchy for a short period of time, it continued with a republican form of government, the country has had several presidential governments and a number of military regimes. A parliamentary democracy has functioned here for some time and there have been several proposals for democracies without parties.