Vaginal microbiota of adolescent girls prior to the onset of menarche resemble those of reproductive-age women.
Vaginal microbiota of adolescent girls prior to the onset of menarche resemble those of reproductive-age women.
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DOI：
10.1128/mbio.00097-15
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发表时间：
2015-03-24
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Forney LJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hickey RJ;Zhou X;Settles ML;Erb J;Malone K;Hansmann MA;Shew ML;Van Der Pol B;Fortenberry JD;Forney LJ
青春期是一个重要的发育阶段，激素变化是导致月经初潮的物理和生理变化的中介，但到目前为止，这一时期阴道微生物区系的细菌组成还没有得到很好的描述。我们对围生期女孩进行了一项前瞻性的纵向研究，以深入了解青春期期间阴道和外阴微生物区系发生变化的时间和顺序。这项研究招募了31名年龄在10岁到12岁之间的健康的月经前女孩，并在长达3年的时间里每季度收集一次阴道和外阴拭子。细菌组成采用Roche 454焦磷酸测序和16S rRNA基因V1~V3区分类。与预期相反，乳酸菌，主要是乳杆菌，在青春期早到中期月经初潮到来之前，在大多数女孩的微生物区系中占主导地位。在大约三分之一的受试者中检测到相当程度的阴道加德纳氏菌，考虑到这种细菌通常与成人细菌性阴道病有关，这是一个值得注意的发现。外阴微生物区系与阴道微生物区系非常相似，但通常表现出与皮肤微生物区系相关的额外分类群。我们的发现表明，女孩的阴道微生物区系在月经初潮开始之前就开始与成人的微生物区系相似。本研究旨在探讨月经初潮前后阴道和外阴微生物群落的纵向变化。这项研究意义重大，因为阴道的微生物生态是健康不可或缺的方面，包括对感染的抵抗力。青春期的生理变化和月经周期的开始可能会对阴道微生物区系产生深远的影响，但对这段时间通常发生的变化几乎一无所知。我们的理解尤其受到以下因素的阻碍：缺乏使用不依赖于培养挑剔细菌的技术对微生物群落进行彻底描述，以及缺乏对青春期早期和中期女孩的研究。这项研究加深了我们对青春期和月经初潮期间阴道微生物区系正常发育的理解，并可能更好地为青春期女孩的外阴阴道护理提供临床方法。
Puberty is an important developmental stage wherein hormonal shifts mediate the physical and physiological changes that lead to menarche, but until now, the bacterial composition of vaginal microbiota during this period has been poorly characterized. We performed a prospective longitudinal study of perimenarcheal girls to gain insight into the timing and sequence of changes that occur in the vaginal and vulvar microbiota during puberty. The study enrolled 31 healthy, premenarcheal girls between the ages of 10 and 12 years and collected vaginal and vulvar swabs quarterly for up to 3 years. Bacterial composition was characterized by Roche 454 pyrosequencing and classification of regions V1 to V3 of 16S rRNA genes. Contrary to expectations, lactic acid bacteria, primarily Lactobacillus spp., were dominant in the microbiota of most girls well before the onset of menarche in the early to middle stages of puberty. Gardnerella vaginalis was detected at appreciable levels in approximately one-third of subjects, a notable finding considering that this organism is commonly associated with bacterial vaginosis in adults. Vulvar microbiota closely resembled vaginal microbiota but often exhibited additional taxa typically associated with skin microbiota. Our findings suggest that the vaginal microbiota of girls begin to resemble those of adults well before the onset of menarche. This study addresses longitudinal changes in vaginal and vulvar microbial communities prior to and immediately following menarche. The research is significant because microbial ecology of the vagina is an integral aspect of health, including resistance to infections. The physiologic changes of puberty and initiation of cyclic menstruation are likely to have profound effects on vaginal microbiota, but almost nothing is known about changes that normally occur during this time. Our understanding has been especially hampered by the lack of thorough characterization of microbial communities using techniques that do not rely on the cultivation of fastidious bacteria, as well as a dearth of studies on girls in the early to middle stages of puberty. This study improves our understanding of the normal development of vaginal microbiota during puberty and onset of menarche and may better inform clinical approaches to vulvovaginal care of adolescent girls.