FUNCTIONAL-DIFFERENTIATION OF LONG BONES IN LORISES
FUNCTIONAL-DIFFERENTIATION OF LONG BONES IN LORISES
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DOI：
10.1159/000156381
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发表时间：
1989-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
JUNGERS, WL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DEMES, B;JUNGERS, WL
测定了缓步懒猴和夜蛾的肢骨外形尺寸及其中轴截面的几何形状。计算相对皮质厚度、皮质面积和第二矩面积，并与运动应力进行对比。体型较小和体型较大的物种在骨骼形状相关强度上的差异，比正常运动过程中施加压力所能预期的要明显得多。Nycticebus骨架总体上具有更高的安全裕度，并且似乎是针对不常见但高幅度的临界应力而设计的。一般来说，洛里斯步态的特点是低地面反作用力，所有关节的机动性都很大，前肢和后肢的推进力和负重几乎相等。因此，懒猴（尤其是缓步猴）的长骨往往比其他哺乳动物（包括其他灵长类动物）的长骨刚性更低，它们缺乏更高弯曲强度的优先平面，股骨和肱骨在承受机械应力的能力上没有明显差异。肱骨和股骨的外部尺寸的两个非洲lorisine物种平行，并证实了这些结果。本文还讨论了骨形和运动应力之间关系的一些更普遍的含义。
The external dimensions of the limb bones and the geometry of their midshaft cross-sections were determined for Loris tardigradus and Nycticebus coucang. Relative cortical thickness, cortical area, and second moment of area were calculated and contrasted with locomotor stresses. The differences in shape-related strength of the bones between the smaller- and the larger-bodied species is more pronounced than can be expected from stresses acting during normal locomotion. The Nycticebus skeleton has a much higher safety margin overall and seems to be dimensioned for infrequent but critical stresses of high magnitude. Lorisine gaits in general are characterized by low ground reaction forces, great mobility in all joints, and a nearly equal share in propulsion and weight-bearing by the fore- and hindlimb. Accordingly, the long bones of lorises (especially those of L. tardigradus) tend to be less rigid than those of other mammalian species (including other primates), they lack a preferential plane of higher bending strength, and femur and humerus do not differ markedly in their capacity to withstand mechanical stresses. External dimensions of the humerus and femur of the two African lorisine species parallel and corroborate these results. Some more general implications for the relationships between bone shaped and locomotor stresses are also discussed.