Evaluation, Research and Communities of Practice: Program Evaluation in Museums
Evaluation, Research and Communities of Practice: Program Evaluation in Museums
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评估、研究和实践社区：博物馆项目评估
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发表时间：
2004
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通讯作者：
L. Kelly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Kelly
博物馆提供了不同的学习环境，特别是与学校、大学和图书馆等场所相比。它们被描述为自由选择的学习环境，被广泛的人访问。博物馆有机会塑造身份-通过访问对象，知识和信息，参观者看到自己和他们的文化反映在鼓励新的连接，意义和学习的方式。然而，世界各地的博物馆发现自己在日益全球化的世界中与其他休闲和学习体验竞争。在文化领域进行观众研究的悠久历史表明，博物馆对游客的兴趣一直很大。本文概述了博物馆观众研究的发展，其运作的背景下，并通过一系列的案例研究，从澳大利亚博物馆观众研究中心的工作中得出的观众研究的过程。有人认为，博物馆从使命主导的项目开发，以平衡内容和观众的需求，通过交易的方法需要一个更广泛的研究为重点的议程。虽然进行评估的传统方式是必要和有用的，但为了保持可行的受众研究，需要更具战略性，以新的方式在整个部门开展工作，并利用新的方法。节目如何影响用户，促进了解博物馆所关心的广泛的关键问题是观众研究可以在文化部门和其他自由选择的学习环境中发挥领导作用。为了实现这一目标，一个社区的实践方法建议作为一个潜在的框架，在当代博物馆的观众研究。
Museums present different contexts for learning, particularly when compared with places such as schools, universities and libraries. They have been described as free-choice learning environments visited by a broad range of people. Museums have the opportunity to shape identities – through access to objects, knowledge and information visitors see themselves and their culture reflected in ways that encourage new connections, meaning making and learning. However, across the world museums are finding themselves competing with other leisure and learning experiences in an increasingly global world. The long history of audience research in the cultural sector demonstrates the interest museums have had in their visitors over time. This paper outlines the development of audience research in museums, the context within which it operates, and describes the processes of audience research through a series of case studies drawn from the work of the Australian Museum Audience Research Centre. It is argued that the shift in museums from mission-led program development to balancing content and audience needs through a transaction approach requires a broader research-focused agenda. While traditional ways of conducting evaluations are necessary and useful, to remain viable audience research needs to be more strategic, working across the sector in new ways and utilising new methods. How programs impact on users and facilitate learning about a wide range of key issues that museums are concerned with is a leadership role that audience research can take across both the cultural sector and other free-choice learning contexts. To achieve this, a communities of practice approach is suggested as a potential framework for audience research in the contemporary museum.