Determination of aeolian transport rates of volcanic soils in Iceland
Determination of aeolian transport rates of volcanic soils in Iceland
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.10.039
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发表时间：
2012-09-15
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Orradottir, Berglind
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnalds, Olafur;Gisladottir, Fanney Osk;Orradottir, Berglind
桑迪沙漠在冰岛覆盖面积超过20000平方公里，主要由火山物质组成，玄武岩火山玻璃是主要成分。该国的风蚀严重，造成粉尘污染，广泛的风积物重新分布影响到冰岛的大多数生态系统，并以推进沙锋的形式在植被地区进行沙运动。我们量化了风蚀，使用BSNE现场采样器和自动传感器在两个地点与对比环境几年。研究地点是Holsfjoll，在干旱的东北高地（1200 mm）的andic土壤材料。这两个地区的年风沙输送量相似，为120->670 kg m（-1）yr（-1）。东北部地区风暴中的风成通量平均为3-43 kg m-1 h-1，阵风期间高达200 kg m-1 h-1。多元回归表明，在大于20 m s（-1）的强风暴期间（2 m高度），潜在通量大于200 kg m（-1）h（-1）。研究表明，主要的风成活动在潮湿的冰岛南部。高度分布曲线表明，在两个地点，在地表以上的高处（>60厘米）有相当大的迁移。每个位置的稳定高度分布曲线允许长时间使用单个灰尘收集器进行测量。这项研究解释了冰岛推进沙锋的强烈活动，以及不断补充的沙源对维持冰岛潮湿地区严重风蚀的重要性。(c)2011 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Sandy deserts cover >20000 km(2) in Iceland, consisting primarily of volcanic materials with basaltic volcanic glass being the main constituent. Wind erosion is severe in the country, causing dust pollution with widespread aeolian redistribution affecting most Icelandic ecosystems and sand movement over vegetated areas in the form of advancing sand fronts. We quantified wind erosion, using BSNE field samplers and automated sensors over several years at two sites with contrasting environments. The study sites are Holsfjoll with andic soil materials in the arid northeast highlands (1200 mm). Both areas show similar annual aeolian transport of 120->670 kg m(-1) yr(-1). Aeolian flux in storms at the NE site was 3-43 kg m(-1) h(-1) on average with up to >200 kg m-1 h-1 during gusts. Multiple regression shows potential flux of >200 kg m(-1) h(-1) during intense storms of >20 m s(-1) (at 2 m height). The research shows major aeolian activity in the humid South Iceland. Height distribution curves indicate considerable transport high above the surface at both sites (>60 cm). Stable height distribution curves for each location allow for measurements using single dust trap over long periods. The research explains the intense activity of advancing sand fronts in Iceland and the significance of continuously recharged sand sources for maintaining severe wind erosion in humid areas of Iceland. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.