Impairment of probabilistic reward-based learning in schizophrenia.
Impairment of probabilistic reward-based learning in schizophrenia.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0016166
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发表时间：
2009-09
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Julia Weiler;C. Bellebaum;M. Brüne;G. Juckel;I. Daum
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Julia Weiler;C. Bellebaum;M. Brüne;G. Juckel;I. Daum
最近的模型假设精神分裂症的一些症状源于有缺陷的奖励处理机制。因此，了解奖励型学习障碍的确切性质可能会对理解精神分裂症和制定治疗策略做出重要贡献。本研究考察了基于概率奖励的刺激联想学习的几个特征，即初始偶然事件的获得、逆向学习、泛化能力以及奖励大小的影响。与健康对照组相比，精神分裂症患者在获取过程中表现出减弱的整体表现，而跨块的学习率与对照组的学习率相似。然而，在小组层面上，精神分裂症患者无法学习最初奖励意外事件的逆转。探索性分析的精神分裂症的个人谁在收购过程中表现出显着的学习只产生赤字的逆转学习低奖励幅度。有进一步的证据表明，轻度概括障碍的人与精神分裂症在获得等效任务。总之，虽然有证据表明，完整的奖励幅度的基本处理，精神分裂症患者在使用这种反馈的行为的适应性指导受损。
Recent models assume that some symptoms of schizophrenia originate from defective reward processing mechanisms. Understanding the precise nature of reward-based learning impairments might thus make an important contribution to the understanding of schizophrenia and the development of treatment strategies. The present study investigated several features of probabilistic reward-based stimulus association learning, namely the acquisition of initial contingencies, reversal learning, generalization abilities, and the effects of reward magnitude. Compared to healthy controls, individuals with schizophrenia exhibited attenuated overall performance during acquisition, whereas learning rates across blocks were similar to the rates of controls. On the group level, persons with schizophrenia were, however, unable to learn the reversal of the initial reward contingencies. Exploratory analysis of only the subgroup of individuals with schizophrenia who showed significant learning during acquisition yielded deficits in reversal learning with low reward magnitudes only. There was further evidence of a mild generalization impairment of the persons with schizophrenia in an acquired equivalence task. In summary, although there was evidence of intact basic processing of reward magnitudes, individuals with schizophrenia were impaired at using this feedback for the adaptive guidance of behavior.