Comparative mtDNA phylogeography of neotropical freshwater fishes: testing shared history to infer the evolutionary landscape of lower Central America
Comparative mtDNA phylogeography of neotropical freshwater fishes: testing shared history to infer the evolutionary landscape of lower Central America
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00358.x
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发表时间：
1998-04-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Martin, AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bermingham, E;Martin, AP
历史生物地理学试图在内在的生物和外在的地质和气候因素的背景下解释分类群的当代分布。为了解释生物学特性与环境条件的相对重要性，有必要问一问，具有相似分布的类群是否具有相同的多样化历史。由于所有的分类群都将共享相同的气候和地质历史，多个物种共享历史的证据提供了对外部因素在塑造当代生物地理格局中的作用的估计。类似地，不同物种的进化史记录的差异很可能是生物差异的标志。在这项研究中，我们着重于推断地理种群和密切相关的物种的进化历史，这些物种代表了广泛分布在中美洲下部和哥伦比亚西北部的三个属的主要淡水鱼。对线粒体基因树的分析为对不同类群的共同历史进行稳健的测试提供了机会。此外，由于线粒体DNA允许推断多样化的时间尺度，我们可以检验关于连接北美和南美洲的地峡走廊按时间顺序发展的假设。我们关注了两个问题。首先，我们表明，许多不同的LCA鱼类种群在相对较短的时间内分化，从而限制了可用于共同历史测试的系统发育信号。其次，当所有的流域都被包括在分析中时，我们的结果提供了更少的共享历史的证据，因为推断的分散事件掩盖了流域之间的演化史。当我们将分析局限于拥有特有线粒体谱系的地区时，就有证据表明不同分类群之间存在共同的历史。我们假设在哥伦比亚西北部有两到三次截然不同的入侵LCA的浪潮。第一次可能发生在中新世晚期，在中上新世地峡最终出现之前；第二次可能与中上新世地峡的抬升重合；第三次事件发生在较近的时间，可能发生在更新世。在每一种情况下，宗族分散的地理规模都逐渐受到限制，我们将这种模式归因于造山作用导致的地貌持续发展，以及随之而来的流域孤立程度的增加。因此，LCA的鱼眼观点暗示了一个复杂的生物地理史，它覆盖了世系的殖民、多样化、分类和灭绝的循环。
Historical biogeography seeks to explain contemporary distributions of taxa in the context of intrinsic biological and extrinsic geological and climatic factors. To decipher the relative importance of biological characteristics vs. environmental conditions, it is necessary to ask whether groups of taxa with similar distributions share the same history of diversification. Because all of the taxa will have shared the same climatic and geological history, evidence of shared history across multiple species provides an estimate of the role of extrinsic factors in shaping contemporary biogeographic patterns. Similarly, differences in the records of evolutionary history across species will probably be signatures of biological differences. In this study, we focus on inferring the evolutionary history for geographical populations and closely related species representing three genera of primary freshwater fishes that are widely distributed in lower Central America (LCA) and northwestern Colombia. Analysis of mitochondrial gene trees provides the opportunity for robust tests of shared history across taxa. Moreover, because mtDNA permits inference of the temporal scale of diversification we can test hypotheses regarding the chronological development of the Isthmian corridor linking North and South America. We have focused attention on two issues. First, we show that many of the distinct populations of LCA fishes diverged in a relatively brief period of time thus limiting the phylogenetic signal available for tests of shared history. Second, our results provide reduced evidence of shared history when all drainages are included in the analysis because of inferred dispersion events that obscure the evolutionary history among drainage basins. When we restrict the analysis to areas that harbour endemic mitochondrial lineages, there is evidence of shared history across taxa. We hypothesize that there were two to three distinct waves of invasion into LCA from putative source populations in northwestern Colombia. The first probably happened in the late Miocene, prior to the final emergence of the Isthmus in the mid-Pliocene; the second was probably coincident with the rise of the Isthmus in the mid-Pliocene, and the third event occurred more recently, perhaps in the Pleistocene. In each case the geographical scale of the dispersion of lineages was progressively more limited, a pattern we attribute to the continuing development of the landscape due to orogeny and the consequent increase in the insularization of drainage basins. Thus, the fisheye view of LCA suggests a complex biogeographic history of overlaid cycles of colonization, diversification, sorting and extinction of lineages.