GPS Antenna Design Characteristics for High‐Precision Applications
GPS Antenna Design Characteristics for High‐Precision Applications
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适用于高精度应用的 GPS 天线设计特性
DOI：
10.1061/(asce)0733-9453(1989)115:1(2
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发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Colpitts
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Tranquilla;B. Colpitts
讨论了大地测量和亚厘米精度GPS（全球定位系统）应用所需的天线特性，包括精确天线校准所需的测量类型。在精确应用中最重要的上半球覆盖区域上的天线相位特性，用带有相关残差的最佳拟合（最小均方意义）球体来描述，然后可用于非常精确地校正直接GPS载波相位测量。为获得可接受的高精度性能，提出了±N5°相位纹波（最大值）和总体5°均方根偏差的判据。给出了两种典型商用GPS天线的相位响应测量结果；在L1频率的四丝状螺旋（蜗壳）和在L1和L2频率的微带贴片。分析了影响精确GPS天线性能的主要因素，包括馈电网络平衡、地平面的使用和信号多径。
Antenna characteristics required for geodetic and subcentimeter accuracy GPS (Global Positioning System) applications are discussed, including the types of measurements needed for precise antenna calibration. The antenna phase characteristics over the upper hemispherical coverage region, which are of greatest importance in precise applications, are described in terms of a best-fit (least mean square sense) sphere with associated residuals that may then be used for very precise correction of direct GPS carrier phase measurements. A criterion of ±\N5° phase ripple (maximum) and overall 5° rms deviation from the best-fit sphere is presented for acceptable high-accuracy performance. Measured phase responses are presented for two representative commercial GPS antennas; a quadrifilar helix (volute) at L1 frequency and a microstrip patch at L1 and L2 frequencies. Theoretical results obtained from analytic models are presented to identify the major factors that affect precise GPS antenna performance, including the electrical feed network balance, the use of ground planes, and signal multipath.