Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms and Pathways
Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms and Pathways
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DOI：
10.1016/j.clp.2010.08.004
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发表时间：
2010-12-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Bulterys, Marc
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kourtis, Athena P.;Bulterys, Marc
2008年，全世界有40多万儿童感染（艾滋病毒-1），即每天有1000多名儿童感染。艾滋病毒-1的母婴传播（MTCT）是婴儿和儿童感染艾滋病毒的最重要方式。HIV-1的母婴传播可发生在子宫内、分娩时和产后通过母乳喂养。通过在怀孕、分娩和分娩期间对母亲以及在母乳喂养期间对母亲或婴儿使用抗逆转录病毒预防方案，在预防这种传播方面取得了巨大进展。然而，传播的时间和机制是多因素的，仍然不完全清楚。本文综述了目前已知的HIV-1 MTCT的发病机制和途径，包括病毒学、免疫学、遗传学和粘膜方面的传播。
More than 400,000 children were infected with (HIV-1) worldwide in 2008, or more than 1000 children per day. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 is the most important mode of HIV acquisition in infants and children. MTCT of HIV-1 can occur in utero, intrapartum, and postnatally through breastfeeding. Great progress has been made in preventing such transmission, through the use of antiretroviral prophylactic regimens to the mother during gestation and labor and delivery and to either mother or infant during breast feeding. The timing and mechanisms of transmission, however, are multifactorial and remain incompletely understood. This article summarizes what is known about the pathogenetic mechanisms and routes of MTCT of HIV-1, and includes virologic, immunologic, genetic, and mucosal aspects of transmission.