Holocene fire activity during low-natural flammability periods reveals scale-dependent cultural human-fire relationships in Europe
Holocene fire activity during low-natural flammability periods reveals scale-dependent cultural human-fire relationships in Europe
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.10.005
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Slowinski, Michas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dietze, Elisabeth;Theuerkauf, Martin;Slowinski, Michas
火是全球地球化学循环的自然组成部分，与人类土地利用变化密切相关。虽然气候-燃料关系似乎驱动全球和次大陆火灾制度，但人为火灾主要在局部范围内突出。此外，目前正在辩论的基本假设是，根据人口密度将人类与火灾制度联系起来，表明在人口密度低的时期和地区很少发生人为火灾。在这里，我们分析了整个全新世的人火关系，并讨论了人类驱动的火灾如何以及在何种程度上影响了中欧低地（CEL）的景观改造。我们提出了三个空间尺度上的沉积碳复合物，并将其与气候模型输出和花粉记录的土地覆盖重建进行比较。我们的研究结果表明，广泛的自然火灾只发生在全新世早期。自然条件（气候和植被）限制了野火的范围开始8500 cal. BP，和不同的次区域木炭复合材料表明，中石器时代的狩猎采集者保持了文化多样性的使用火。在区域木炭复合材料的差异标志着定居文化在西部和东部的CEL在过去的一千年中，人类土地利用的加剧，推动了火灾活动的增加，早全新世水平在整个CEL因此，人类显着影响自然火制度超出当地规模-即使在人口密度低的时期-取决于不同的文化土地利用策略。我们发现，自中石器时代以来，人类强烈影响土地覆盖和地球化学循环。(C)2018爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
Fire is a natural component of global biogeochemical cycles and closely related to changes in human land use. Whereas climate-fuel relationships seem to drive both global and subcontinental fire regimes, human-induced fires are prominent mainly on a local scale. Furthermore, the basic assumption that relates humans and fire regimes in terms of population densities, suggesting that few human-induced fires should occur in periods and areas of low population density, is currently debated. Here, we analyze human-fire relationships throughout the Holocene and discuss how and to what extent human driven fires affected the landscape transformation in the Central European Lowlands (CEL). We present sedimentary charcoal composites on three spatial scales and compare them with climate model output and land cover reconstructions from pollen records. Our findings indicate that widespread natural fires only occurred during the early Holocene. Natural conditions (climate and vegetation) limited the extent of wildfires beginning 8500 cal. BP, and diverging subregional charcoal composites suggest that Mesolithic hunter-gatherers maintained a culturally diverse use of fire. Divergence in regional charcoal composites marks the spread of sedentary cultures in the western and eastern CEL The intensification of human land use during the last millennium drove an increase in fire activity to early-Holocene levels across the CEL Hence, humans have significantly affected natural fire regimes beyond the local scale - even in periods of low population densities - depending on diverse cultural land-use strategies. We find that humans have strongly affected land-cover- and biogeochemical cycles since Mesolithic times. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.