Human social preferences cluster and spread in the field
Human social preferences cluster and spread in the field
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2000824117
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发表时间：
2020-09-15
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Rauhut, Heiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ehlert, Alexander;Kindschi, Martin;Rauhut, Heiko
虽然不可否认的是，人类在大规模社会中合作的能力在动物生活中是独一无二的，但尽管存在剥削的风险，但这种程度的亲社会性是如何实现的仍然是一个问题。最近的证据表明，社交网络发挥了至关重要的作用，在亲社会性和大规模合作的发展，让合作者集群，但是，这是不好理解，如果以及如何也适用于现实世界的社交网络在外地。我们在57个新成立的学校班级（n = 1，217）中使用激励措施研究了内在的社会偏好以及新兴的友谊模式。我们证明了合作集群在社会中的存在，研究他们的出现，并扩大从控制实验到现实世界的社交网络的证据。我们的研究结果表明，嵌入在合作环境中大大提高了个人的社会偏好，从而有助于合作集群的形成。相比之下，伴侣的选择对他们的出现只起了很小的作用。我们的结论是，合作的偏好是传染性的，社会和文化学习在合作的发展和演变中起着重要的作用。
While it is undeniable that the ability of humans to cooperate in large-scale societies is unique in animal life, it remains open how such a degree of prosociality is possible despite the risks of exploitation. Recent evidence suggests that social networks play a crucial role in the development of prosociality and large-scale cooperation by allowing cooperators to cluster; however, it is not well understood if and how this also applies to real-world social networks in the field. We study intrinsic social preferences alongside emerging friendship patterns in 57 freshly formed school classes (n = 1,217), using incentivized measures. We demonstrate the existence of cooperative clusters in society, examine their emergence, and expand the evidence from controlled experiments to real-world social networks. Our results suggest that being embedded in cooperative environments substantially enhances the social preferences of individuals, thus contributing to the formation of cooperative clusters. Partner choice, in contrast, only marginally contributes to their emergence. We conclude that cooperative preferences are contagious; social and cultural learning plays an important role in the development and evolution of cooperation.