Origins and development of grassland communities in northwestern Europe
Origins and development of grassland communities in northwestern Europe
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西北欧草原群落的起源和发展
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Prins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Prins
西北欧大部分乡村的特点是缺乏森林。事实上，森林仅覆盖法国约 25%、德国 27%、荷兰 10% 以及英格兰和威尔士 8%；在西欧，只有 1% 被认为是“古老”森林（Dudley，1992）。许多十七世纪的画家都捕捉到了这一精髓，他们强调天空和几乎没有树木的风景上的云彩。对于当今的许多公民来说，荒原、丘陵、石灰岩草原和其他开阔的植被类型被视为原始、自然和古老的。然而，这些植被类型中有许多是人工的，因此与西北欧的大多数森林一样不自然。
Most of the countryside of northwestern Europe is characterized by an absence of forest. Indeed, forest covers only about 25% of France, 27% of Germany, 10% of The Netherlands and 8% of England and Wales; in western Europe only 1% is considered to be ‘old-growth’ forest (Dudley, 1992). This quintessence was captured by many seventeenth century painters, who emphasized the sky with its clouds over near-treeless landscapes. To many a citizen of today, heaths, downs, limestone grasslands and other open vegetation types are viewed as original, natural and ancient. Yet many of these vegetation types are artificial and, as such, are as unnatural as most forests of northwestern Europe.