EFFECTS OF NOSOCUSIS, AND INDUSTRIAL AND GUN NOISE ON HEARING OF UNITED-STATES ADULTS
EFFECTS OF NOSOCUSIS, AND INDUSTRIAL AND GUN NOISE ON HEARING OF UNITED-STATES ADULTS
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DOI：
10.1121/1.401428
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发表时间：
1991-12-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
KRYTER, KD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KRYTER, KD
将暴露于工业和枪支噪声以及“典型”疾病性耳聋的听力损失估计值应用于未筛查暴露于噪声或耳部疾病的工业化社会普通人群中成年男性和女性的听力水平分布。适用于美国的噪声暴露和人口统计学数据，以及预测噪声引起的永久性阈值偏移（NIPTS）和病聋的程序，被用来解释耳科和噪声屏蔽与未屏蔽的男性耳朵在高频下的听力水平之间的13.4 dB平均差异中的约8.7 dB;（该平均差异是针对3000、4000和6000 Hz处的听力水平的平均值，针对第10、50和90次听力测试的平均值，以及针对20-65岁的年龄）。根据目前的计算，这种差异是由于，按重要性顺序，（1）nosocusis，（2）暴露于枪噪声，（3）工人暴露于工业噪声。对于这些相同的频率和总体平均值，对病感音的调整占屏蔽和未屏蔽女性耳朵的听力水平之间5.9 dB差异的2 dB。对于500、1000和2000 Hz的平均值，筛查和未筛查人群之间的总体差异男性为3.4 dB，女性为2.9 dB。调整程序将这些差异分别减小到-0.5和0.9 dB。
Hearing losses estimated for exposure to industrial and gun noise and for "typical" nosocusis are applied to the distributions of the hearing levels of adult males and females of the general population of an industrialized society unscreened for exposure to noise or ear disease. Noise exposure and demographic data applicable to the United States, and procedures for predicting noise-induced permanent threshold shift (NIPTS) and nosocusis, were used to account for some 8.7 dB of the 13.4 dB average difference between the hearing levels at high frequencies for otologically and noise screened versus unscreened male ears; (this average difference is for the average of the hearing levels at 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz, average for the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles, and ages 20-65 years). According to the present calculations, this difference is due, in order of importance, to (1) nosocusis, (2) exposure to gun noise, and (3) exposure of workers to industrial noise. For these same frequencies and overall average, adjustments for nosocusis accounts for 2 dB of the 5.9-dB difference between the hearing levels of screened and unscreened female ears. For the average at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz, the overall differences between the screened and unscreened populations is but 3.4 dB for males and 2.9 dB for females. The adjustment procedures reduced these differences to -0.5 and 0.9 dB, respectively.