Indoor Sources of Poly- and Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCS) in Vancouver, Canada: Implications for Human Exposure
Indoor Sources of Poly- and Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCS) in Vancouver, Canada: Implications for Human Exposure
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DOI：
10.1021/es103562v
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Lee, Sum Chi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shoeib, Mahiba;Harner, Tom;Lee, Sum Chi
全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）在人类血液和血清中被广泛检测到，由于其潜在的毒性而受到关注。本研究通过对加拿大温哥华152户家庭的调查，探讨了这些化合物及其中性前体物的室内来源。收集室内空气、室外空气、室内灰尘和干衣机棉绒的样品，并分析中性[即，氟调聚物醇（FTOH）、全氟辛烷磺酰胺（FOSA）和全氟辛烷磺酰胺基乙醇（FOSE）]和离子型[即，全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟烷基羧酸盐]多氟化合物和全氟化合物。室内空气以8：2的FTOH为主，几何平均浓度（pg/m3）为2900。在全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸中，甲基全氟辛烷磺酸的空气浓度最高，几何平均值为380皮克/立方米（3）。全氟辛酸是主要的离子型全氟辛烷磺酸，在所有室内空气样本中都检测到，几何平均值为28皮克/立方米（3），而全氟辛烷磺酸则低于检测限。室内空气中离子型PFCs的研究结果在北美尚属首次。室内灰尘中的中性PFCs也以8：2的FTOH为主，几何平均值为88 ng/g。粉尘富集（相对于空气）与磺酰胺乙醇（FOSE），其中包括类似的总中性PFC含量的22%相比，只有类似的3%，在空气中。全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸是在灰尘样本中检测到的最主要的化合物。与室内灰尘相比，干衣机皮棉中的中性PFCs水平要低一个数量级。对成人和儿童全氟化学品的人体接触估计表明，吸入是成人接触中性和离子型全氟化学品的主要途径。对于幼儿来说，通过灰尘摄入全氟化碳的相关性更大，大约为几毫克/天。这项研究的结果有助于我们了解全氟化碳对人类的暴露途径。这将有助于调查相关的健康影响和人类监测数据。
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are widely detected in human blood and serum and are of concern due to their potential toxicity. This study investigated the indoor sources of these compounds and their neutral precursors through a survey of 152 homes in Vancouver, Canada. Samples were collected of indoor air, outdoor air, indoor dust, and clothes dryer lint and analyzed for neutral [i.e., fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), and perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol (FOSE)] and ionic [i.e., PFOS and perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs)] poly- and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). Indoor air was dominated by 8:2 FTOH with a geometric mean concentration (pg/m(3)) of 2900. Among the FOSAs and FOSEs, MeFOSE exhibited the highest air concentration with a geometric mean of 380 pg/m(3). PFOA was the major ionic PFC and was detected in all indoor air samples with a geometric mean of 28 pg/m(3), whereas PFOS was below the detection limit. The results for the ionic PFCs in indoor air are the first for North America. The pattern of the neutral PFCs in house dust was also dominated by 8:2 FTOH, with a geometric mean of 88 ng/g. Dusts were enriched (relative to air) with sulfonamidoethanol (FOSE) which comprised similar to 22% of the total neutral PFC content compared to only similar to 3% in air. PFOS and PFOA were the most prominent compounds detected in dust samples. Levels of neutral PFCs in clothes dryer lint were an order of magnitude lower compared to house dust. Human exposure estimates to PFCs for adults and children showed that inhalation was the main exposure route for neutral and ionic PFCs in adults. For toddlers, ingestion of PFCs via dust was more relevant and was on the order of a few mg/day. Results from this study contribute to our understanding of exposure pathways of PFCs to humans. This will facilitate investigations of related health effects and human monitoring data.