Ice Columns and Frozen Rills in a Warm Snowpack, Green Lakes Valley, Colorado, U.S.A.
Ice Columns and Frozen Rills in a Warm Snowpack, Green Lakes Valley, Colorado, U.S.A.
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美国科罗拉多州绿湖谷温暖积雪中的冰柱和冰冻溪流
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Pfeffer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Williams;M. Rikkers;W. Pfeffer
在这里，我们提供的信息冰柱和冻结的小溪发现在季末积雪和附近的绿色湖谷的科罗拉多前线范围，美国。冰柱和冻结的细沟在晚季积雪的存在下，可以提供见解，了解融化积雪的空间分布的优先流路。在1996年和1997年的7月和8月，我们在调查的50多个雪场中的每一个都发现了冰柱。冰柱显示出一致的形态;每个冰柱的垂直长度约为75厘米，突出雪面约5厘米，延伸到积雪中约70厘米。方差分析表明，81个冰柱的南坡上的显着大于57个冰柱的北坡（p = 0.01）。朝南的斜坡上每平方米约有3个冰柱，朝北的斜坡上每平方米有2个冰柱。有一个有趣的滞后，在雪和冰的温度变得更强，随着深度的增加，在相邻的热电偶阵列。温度曲线的这种滞后现象与冰柱中和附近的大量液态水冻结释放的潜热相一致，与周围的积雪相比。在Martinelli集水区，冰冻溪流之间的平均间距为2.6 m（n = 73）。我们认为这些固体冰的“肋骨”是表面细沟的残余。垂直的冰柱与这些冻结的小溪相连。冰柱和冻结的小溪可以提供一个快照或“示意”图的主要流动路径在一个成熟和排水积雪。
Here we provide information on ice columns and frozen rills found in late-season snowpacks in and near the Green Lakes Valley of the Colorado Front Range, USA. The presence of ice columns and frozen rills in late season snowpacks may provide insights with which to understand the spatial distribution of preferential flowpaths in melting snowpacks. In July and August of 1996 and 1997 we found ice columns in every one of the more than 50 snow fields we investigated. The ice columns showed a consistent morphology; each column was approximately 75 cm in vertical extent, with about 5 cm projecting above the snow surface and 70 cm extending into the snowpack. An analysis of variance test shows that the 81 ice columns on the south-facing slopes were significantly greater than the 57 ice columns on the north-facing slope (p = 0.01). There were about 3 ice columns per square metre on the southfacing slopes and 2 ice columns per square metre on the north-facing slopes. There was an interesting hysteresis in snow and ice temperatures that became stronger with increasing depth in adjacent thermocouple arrays. This hysteresis in the temperature profiles is consistent with the release of latent heat from the freezing of greater amounts of liquid water in and near the ice columns compared to the surrounding snowpack. At the Martinelli catchment, spacing between the frozen rills averaged 2.6 m (n = 73). We interpret these “ribs” of solid ice to be the remnants of surface rills. Vertical ice columns were connected to these frozen rills. The ice columns and frozen rills may provide a snapshot or “schematic” diagram of the major flowpaths in a ripe and draining snowpack.