AID and APOBECs span the gap between innate and adaptive immunity.
AID and APOBECs span the gap between innate and adaptive immunity.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2014.00534
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Cardinaud S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moris A;Murray S;Cardinaud S
活化诱导脱氨酶（AID）/APOBEC胞苷脱氨酶参与从蛋白质表达调节到胚胎发育和宿主防御的多种生物学过程。在其经典作用中，AID使B细胞受体的种系编码序列突变，这是获得性免疫的关键方面，而APOBEC 1使脱辅基蛋白B前mRNA突变，产生对细胞功能和血浆脂质代谢重要的两种同种型。过去十年的研究已经揭示了APOBEC超家族通过病毒基因组的脱氨基和突变在针对病毒的固有免疫和针对病毒感染的先天免疫中的作用。此外，在人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染领域的发现揭示了HIV病毒感染因子蛋白与APOBEC 3G相互作用，靶向其进行蛋白体降解，超越其抗病毒功能。最近，我们和其他人的工作已经发现，AID和APOBEC胞苷脱氨酶家族成员在抗病毒感染的活性与适应性免疫的诱导和形成之间具有比以前认为的更直接的联系，包括细胞毒性T淋巴细胞活性和自然杀伤细胞活化的抗原加工。新归属的功能，这些胞嘧啶脱氨酶将进行讨论，包括他们的新发现的作用，在适应性免疫，表观遗传调节和细胞分化。在本文中，我们将讨论AID和APOBEC胞苷脱氨酶作为最近研究发现的先天免疫和适应性免疫之间的联系。
The activation-induced deaminase (AID)/APOBEC cytidine deaminases participate in a diversity of biological processes from the regulation of protein expression to embryonic development and host defenses. In its classical role, AID mutates germline-encoded sequences of B cell receptors, a key aspect of adaptive immunity, and APOBEC1, mutates apoprotein B pre-mRNA, yielding two isoforms important for cellular function and plasma lipid metabolism. Investigations over the last ten years have uncovered a role of the APOBEC superfamily in intrinsic immunity against viruses and innate immunity against viral infection by deamination and mutation of viral genomes. Further, discovery in the area of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection revealed that the HIV viral infectivity factor protein interacts with APOBEC3G, targeting it for proteosomal degradation, overriding its antiviral function. More recently, our and others’ work have uncovered that the AID and APOBEC cytidine deaminase family members have an even more direct link between activity against viral infection and induction and shaping of adaptive immunity than previously thought, including that of antigen processing for cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and natural killer cell activation. Newly ascribed functions of these cytodine deaminases will be discussed, including their newly identified roles in adaptive immunity, epigenetic regulation, and cell differentiation. Herein this review we discuss AID and APOBEC cytodine deaminases as a link between innate and adaptive immunity uncovered by recent studies.
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