Eye movement evidence that readers maintain and act on uncertainty about past linguistic input
Eye movement evidence that readers maintain and act on uncertainty about past linguistic input
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0907664106
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发表时间：
2009-12-15
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Rayner, Keith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levy, Roger;Bicknell, Klinton;Rayner, Keith
在人类句子理解的流行方法中，单词识别过程的结果被假设为没有残留不确定性的分类表示。然而，感知不可避免地是不确定的，而一个充分利用可用信息的系统可能会保留这种不确定性，并交互地招募语法分析和随后的感知输入来帮助解决它。为了测试这种交互的可能性，我们跟踪了读者在阅读句子时的眼球运动，这些句子的结构会因以下方面而变化：（i）早期单词是否具有不同语法类别的近邻，以及（ii）下游的另一个单词与这些潜在近邻的语法一致性有多大。眼球运动表明，读者对先前阅读的单词身份保持不确定的信念，在与后续输入的相对语法一致性的基础上修改这些信念，并使用这些不断变化的信念以符合理性概率推理原则的方式指导扫视行为。
In prevailing approaches to human sentence comprehension, the outcome of the word recognition process is assumed to be a categorical representation with no residual uncertainty. Yet perception is inevitably uncertain, and a system making optimal use of available information might retain this uncertainty and interactively recruit grammatical analysis and subsequent perceptual input to help resolve it. To test for the possibility of such an interaction, we tracked readers' eye movements as they read sentences constructed to vary in (i) whether an early word had near neighbors of a different grammatical category, and (ii) how strongly another word further downstream cohered grammatically with these potential near neighbors. Eye movements indicated that readers maintain uncertain beliefs about previously read word identities, revise these beliefs on the basis of relative grammatical consistency with subsequent input, and use these changing beliefs to guide saccadic behavior in ways consistent with principles of rational probabilistic inference.